Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR , P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB, IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Nov 17;49(22):13575-85. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02500. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
The causal links between species traits and bioaccumulation by marine invertebrates are poorly understood. We assessed these links by measuring and modeling polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation by four marine benthic species. Uniformity of exposure was achieved by testing each species in the same aquarium, separated by enclosures, to ensure that the observed variability in bioaccumulation was due to species traits. The relative importance of chemical uptake from pore water or food (organic matter, OM) ingestion was manipulated by using artificial sediment with different OM contents. Biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) ranged from 5 to 318, in the order Nereis virens < Arenicola marina ≈ Macoma balthica < Corophium volutator. Calibration of a kinetic model provided species-specific parameters that represented the key species traits, thus illustrating how models provide an opportunity to read across benthic species with different feeding strategies. Key traits included species-specific differentiation between (1) ingestion rates, (2) ingestion of suspended and settled OM, and (3) elimination rates. The high BSAF values and their concomitant variability across the species challenges approaches for exposure assessment based on pore water concentration analysis and equilibrium partition theory. We propose that combining multienclosure testing and modeling will substantially improve exposure assessment in sediment toxicity tests.
物种特征与海洋无脊椎动物生物累积之间的因果关系还不甚清楚。我们通过测量和模拟四种海洋底栖物种的多氯联苯生物累积，来评估这些关系。通过将每个物种在同一个水族箱中进行测试，并用围栏隔开，以确保观察到的生物累积变异性是由于物种特征所致，从而实现了暴露的均匀性。通过使用具有不同有机质含量的人工沉积物来操纵从孔隙水或食物（有机质，OM）摄入的化学物质的摄取的相对重要性。生物沉积物积累因子（BSAF）的范围为 5 至 318，顺序为 Nereis virens < Arenicola marina ≈ Macoma balthica < Corophium volutator。对动力学模型进行校准提供了代表关键物种特征的物种特异性参数，从而说明了模型如何为具有不同摄食策略的底栖物种提供了跨物种阅读的机会。关键特征包括：（1）摄食率，（2）悬浮和沉降有机质的摄食，以及（3）消除率，在物种之间存在特异性差异。高 BSAF 值及其在物种间的相应变异性，对基于孔隙水浓度分析和平衡分配理论的暴露评估方法提出了挑战。我们建议，将多围栏测试和建模相结合，将大大提高沉积物毒性测试中的暴露评估。
