Duncan Clare, Thompson Julian R, Pettorelli Nathalie
Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2015 Oct 22;282(1817):20151348. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1348.
Ecosystem services (ES) approaches to biodiversity conservation are currently high on the ecological research and policy agendas. However, despite a wealth of studies into biodiversity's role in maintaining ES (B-ES relationships) across landscapes, we still lack generalities in the nature and strengths of these linkages. Reasons for this are manifold, but can largely be attributed to (i) a lack of adherence to definitions and thus a confusion between final ES and the ecosystem functions (EFs) underpinning them, (ii) a focus on uninformative biodiversity indices and singular hypotheses and (iii) top-down analyses across large spatial scales and overlooking of context-dependency. The biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (B-EF) field provides an alternate context for examining biodiversity's mechanistic role in shaping ES, focusing on species' characteristics that may drive EFs via multiple mechanisms across contexts. Despite acknowledgements of a need for B-ES research to look towards underlying B-EF linkages, the connections between these areas of research remains weak. With this review, we pull together recent B-EF findings to identify key areas for future developments in B-ES research. We highlight a means by which B-ES research may begin to identify how and when multiple underlying B-EF relationships may scale to final ES delivery and trade-offs.
生态系统服务（ES）方法在生物多样性保护方面目前在生态研究和政策议程中占据重要地位。然而，尽管针对生物多样性在维持景观尺度上的生态系统服务（生物多样性 - 生态系统服务关系）中的作用进行了大量研究，但我们仍然缺乏对这些联系的性质和强度的一般性认识。造成这种情况的原因是多方面的，但主要可归因于：（i）缺乏对定义的遵循，因此最终的生态系统服务与其所支撑的生态系统功能（EFs）之间存在混淆；（ii）专注于缺乏信息量的生物多样性指数和单一假设；（iii）在大空间尺度上进行自上而下的分析，而忽略了背景依赖性。生物多样性 - 生态系统功能（B - EF）领域为研究生物多样性在塑造生态系统服务中的机制作用提供了另一种背景，重点关注物种特征，这些特征可能通过多种机制在不同背景下驱动生态系统功能。尽管人们认识到生物多样性 - 生态系统服务研究需要关注潜在的生物多样性 - 生态系统功能联系，但这些研究领域之间的联系仍然薄弱。通过本综述，我们汇总了近期生物多样性 - 生态系统功能的研究结果，以确定生物多样性 - 生态系统服务研究未来发展的关键领域。我们强调了一种方法，通过该方法生物多样性 - 生态系统服务研究可以开始确定多个潜在的生物多样性 - 生态系统功能关系如何以及何时能够扩展到最终的生态系统服务提供和权衡。
