Hernández-Vigueras Scarlette, Martínez-Garriga Blanca, Sánchez María Carmen, Sanz Mariano, Estrugo-Devesa Albert, Vinuesa Teresa, López-López José, Viñas Miguel
Faculty of Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
J Periodontol. 2016 Feb;87(2):124-33. doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.150365. Epub 2015 Oct 15.
Alterations in hormone levels during menopause decrease bone density and may worsen oral health, favoring the growth of periodontal pathogens, whose detection could improve the diagnosis of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect and quantify the main periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of postmenopausal females and to explore the relationship between clinical and periodontal parameters.
This was an observational cross-sectional study of 76 postmenopausal females. Dental examinations and sampling for microbiologic evaluation were performed, and a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia was collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting and quantifying Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf). The results obtained were subjected to statistical analyses. Statistical significance was defined as P <0.05.
Periodontitis was detected in 77.1% of females with osteoporosis/osteopenia (P >0.05). A significant correlation was found between osteoporosis and missing teeth. T. forsythia and C. rectus were detected in 100% of the samples, Fn and Pg in 98.7%, and Aa in 73.7%.
Osteoporosis did not influence the prevalence of periodontitis among postmenopausal females. The presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria was not sufficient to confirm disease. A preventive maintenance program for postmenopausal females, particularly osteoporotic females, who are at greater risk of tooth loss, could minimize the potential effects of bone loss on periodontal tissues.
更年期激素水平的变化会降低骨密度，并可能使口腔健康恶化，有利于牙周病原体的生长，对其进行检测有助于改善牙周炎的诊断。本研究旨在检测和量化绝经后女性口腔微生物群中的主要牙周病原体，并探讨临床参数与牙周参数之间的关系。
这是一项对76名绝经后女性进行的观察性横断面研究。进行了牙科检查和微生物学评估采样，并收集了骨质疏松症/骨质减少症病史。采用实时聚合酶链反应检测和定量具核梭杆菌（Fn）、伴放线聚集杆菌（Aa）、牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg）、直肠弯曲菌（Cr）和福赛坦氏菌（Tf）。对所得结果进行统计分析。统计学显著性定义为P<0.05。
在患有骨质疏松症/骨质减少症的女性中，77.1%检测出患有牙周炎（P>0.05）。发现骨质疏松症与牙齿缺失之间存在显著相关性。在100%的样本中检测到福赛坦氏菌和直肠弯曲菌，98.7%检测到具核梭杆菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌，73.7%检测到伴放线聚集杆菌。
骨质疏松症并未影响绝经后女性牙周炎的患病率。牙周病原菌的存在不足以确诊疾病。为绝经后女性，尤其是有更高牙齿缺失风险的骨质疏松女性制定预防性维护计划，可以将骨质流失对牙周组织的潜在影响降至最低。
