Liang Hualei, Zhou Wenshan, Zhang Yulei, Qiao Qin, Zhang Xuezhen
Fisheries College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 16;5:15166. doi: 10.1038/srep15166.
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms, which produce cyclic heptapeptide toxins known as microcystins, are worldwide environmental problems. On the other hand, the cyanobacteria protein (30-50%) has been recommended as substitute protein for aquaculture. The present laboratory study verified the feasibility of cyanobacteria protein substitution and risk assessment. Goldfish were fed diets supplemented lyophilised cyanobacteria powder for 16 weeks with the various doses: 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Low doses (10% and 20%) promoted growth whereas high doses (30% and 40%) inhibited growth. In cyanobacteria treated fish, the proximate composition of ash, crude fat content and crude protein content decreased in 16 weeks; the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content significantly increased; the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, collagen content and muscle pH significantly decreased; cooking loss percents increased significantly. Muscle fiber diameter and myofibril length were negatively correlation. Additionally, flavour compounds (e.g., amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids and carnosine) changed significantly in the treated fish, and odour compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol increased significantly. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of microcystins in muscle was close to or exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake (TDI), representing a great health risk. Cyanobacterie is not feasible for protein sources use in aquaculture.
产生被称为微囊藻毒素的环状七肽毒素的有毒蓝藻水华是全球性的环境问题。另一方面，蓝藻蛋白（30%-50%）已被推荐作为水产养殖的替代蛋白。本实验室研究验证了蓝藻蛋白替代的可行性及风险评估。给金鱼投喂添加了冻干蓝藻粉的饲料16周，设置不同剂量：0%（对照）、10%、20%、30%和40%。低剂量（10%和20%）促进生长，而高剂量（30%和40%）抑制生长。在经蓝藻处理的鱼中，16周内灰分、粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白含量的近似组成下降；饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量显著增加；n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量、胶原蛋白含量和肌肉pH值显著下降；烹饪损失百分比显著增加。肌纤维直径和肌原纤维长度呈负相关。此外，经处理的鱼中风味化合物（如氨基酸、核苷酸、有机酸和肌肽）发生了显著变化，土臭素和2-甲基异冰片等气味化合物显著增加。肌肉中微囊藻毒素估计每日摄入量（EDI）接近或超过世界卫生组织（WHO）的每日可耐受摄入量（TDI），存在很大的健康风险。蓝藻作为水产养殖的蛋白质来源不可行。
