Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Environ Int. 2015 Dec;85:343-51. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.025. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether memory performance in adolescents is affected by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from wireless device use or by the wireless device use itself due to non-radiation related factors in that context.
We conducted a prospective cohort study with 439 adolescents. Verbal and figural memory tasks at baseline and after one year were completed using a standardized, computerized cognitive test battery. Use of wireless devices was inquired by questionnaire and operator recorded mobile phone use data was obtained for a subgroup of 234 adolescents. RF-EMF dose measures considering various factors affecting RF-EMF exposure were computed for the brain and the whole body. Data were analysed using a longitudinal approach, to investigate whether cumulative exposure over one year was related to changes in memory performance. All analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders.
The kappa coefficients between cumulative mobile phone call duration and RF-EMF brain and whole body dose were 0.62 and 0.67, respectively for the whole sample and 0.48 and 0.28, respectively for the sample with operator data. In linear exposure-response models an interquartile increase in cumulative operator recorded mobile phone call duration was associated with a decrease in figural memory performance score by -0.15 (95% CI: -0.33, 0.03) units. For cumulative RF-EMF brain and whole body dose corresponding decreases in figural memory scores were -0.26 (95% CI: -0.42, -0.10) and -0.40 (95% CI: -0.79, -0.01), respectively. No exposure-response associations were observed for sending text messages and duration of gaming, which produces tiny RF-EMF emissions.
A change in memory performance over one year was negatively associated with cumulative duration of wireless phone use and more strongly with RF-EMF dose. This may indicate that RF-EMF exposure affects memory performance.
本研究旨在探讨青少年的记忆表现是否受到无线设备使用产生的射频电磁场（RF-EMF）的影响，或者是否受到该环境下与辐射无关的因素导致的无线设备使用本身的影响。
我们进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，纳入了 439 名青少年。在基线和一年后，使用标准化的计算机认知测试套件完成了言语和图像记忆任务。通过问卷调查了无线设备的使用情况，并为 234 名青少年的亚组获得了运营商记录的移动电话使用数据。考虑到影响 RF-EMF 暴露的各种因素，计算了大脑和全身的 RF-EMF 剂量。使用纵向分析方法分析数据，以调查一年内的累积暴露是否与记忆表现的变化有关。所有分析均针对相关混杂因素进行了调整。
对于整个样本，累积移动电话通话时间与 RF-EMF 大脑和全身剂量之间的kappa 系数分别为 0.62 和 0.67；对于有运营商数据的样本，kappa 系数分别为 0.48 和 0.28。在线性暴露-反应模型中，累积运营商记录的移动电话通话时间每增加一个四分位间距，图像记忆表现评分降低-0.15（95%CI：-0.33，0.03）个单位。对于累积 RF-EMF 大脑和全身剂量，图像记忆评分相应降低-0.26（95%CI：-0.42，-0.10）和-0.40（95%CI：-0.79，-0.01）。发送短信和游戏时间与记忆表现的变化无关，而发送短信和游戏产生的 RF-EMF 辐射极小。
一年中记忆表现的变化与无线电话使用的累积时间呈负相关，与 RF-EMF 剂量的相关性更强。这可能表明 RF-EMF 暴露会影响记忆表现。
