Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (femu)-Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 1;17(6):e0268641. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268641. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND: For more than 20 years, the potential health risks of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposure from mobile communication devices on children and adolescents have been examined because they are considered sensitive population groups; however, it remains unclear whether such exposure poses any particular risk to them. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to systematically analyze and evaluate the physiological and health-related effects of RF EMF exposures from wireless communication devices (mobile phones, cordless phones, Bluetooth, etc.) on children and adolescents. METHODS: This review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Methodological limitations in individual studies were assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk-of-Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. RESULTS: A total of 42 epidemiological and 11 experimental studies were eligible for this review. Most of the studies displayed several methodological weaknesses that limited the internal validity of the results. Due to a lack of consistency regarding the outcomes as well as the lack of scientific rigor in most reviewed studies, the body of evidence for the effects of RF EMF of mobile communication devices on subjective symptoms, cognition, and behavior in children and adolescents was low to inadequate. Evidence from the studies investigating early childhood development, brain activity, cancer, and physiological parameters was considered inadequate for drawing conclusions about possible effects. DISCUSSION: Overall, the body of evidence allows no final conclusion on the question whether exposure to RF EMF from mobile communication devices poses a particular risk to children and adolescents. There has been rapid development in technologies generating RF EMF, which are extensively used by children and adolescents. Therefore, we strongly recommend high-quality systematic research on children and adolescents, since they are generally considered as sensitive age groups.
背景：二十多年来，由于儿童和青少年被认为是敏感人群，一直在研究来自移动通信设备的射频电磁场 (RF EMF) 暴露对他们的潜在健康风险，但目前仍不清楚这种暴露是否会对他们造成特定的风险。
目的：本综述的目的是系统地分析和评估来自无线通信设备（移动电话、无绳电话、蓝牙等）的 RF EMF 暴露对儿童和青少年的生理和健康相关影响。
方法：本综述是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南准备的。使用健康评估和转化办公室 (OHAT) 的人类和动物研究风险评估工具评估个别研究中的方法学局限性。
结果：共有 42 项流行病学研究和 11 项实验研究符合本综述的纳入标准。大多数研究都存在一些方法学上的弱点，限制了结果的内部有效性。由于研究结果不一致，以及大多数综述研究缺乏科学严谨性，因此移动通信设备的 RF EMF 对儿童和青少年主观症状、认知和行为影响的证据质量较低至不足。由于缺乏对早期儿童发育、大脑活动、癌症和生理参数研究的一致性，因此对于移动通信设备的 RF EMF 可能产生的影响，无法得出结论。
讨论：总体而言，现有证据无法最终确定移动通信设备的 RF EMF 暴露是否对儿童和青少年构成特殊风险。产生 RF EMF 的技术发展迅速，儿童和青少年广泛使用这些技术。因此，我们强烈建议对儿童和青少年进行高质量的系统研究，因为他们通常被认为是敏感的年龄群体。
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