Boyle Daniel P, Zembower Teresa R
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2015 Nov;42(4):493-505. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
Worldwide prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is rapidly increasing, primarily a result of antibiotic misuse in the medical community. Resistant infections involving the urinary tract are typically caused by gram-negative bacteria. When treating these infections, clinicians have few effective antimicrobials to choose from and many are associated with significant adverse effects. There are now situations when clinicians are tasked with managing infections from pan-resistant organisms; thus, it is of paramount importance that spread of resistance be controlled. This review discusses common gram-negative resistance classes, highlighting the mechanisms of resistance, risk factors, type of infections, treatment, and outcomes associated with each class.
全球抗菌药物耐药性的患病率正在迅速上升，这主要是医学界抗生素滥用的结果。涉及泌尿道的耐药感染通常由革兰氏阴性菌引起。在治疗这些感染时，临床医生可供选择的有效抗菌药物很少，而且许多药物都伴有严重的不良反应。现在，临床医生有时需要处理泛耐药菌引起的感染；因此，控制耐药性的传播至关重要。这篇综述讨论了常见的革兰氏阴性菌耐药类别，重点介绍了每种类别的耐药机制、危险因素、感染类型、治疗方法及预后情况。
