Hagen Simen, Vuong Quoc C, Scott Lisa S, Curran Tim, Tanaka James W
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria.
Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2016 Mar;42(3):413-22. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000139. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
Novices recognize objects at the basic-category level (e.g., dog, chair, and bird) at which identification is based on the global form of the objects (Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976). In contrast, experts recognize objects within their domain of expertise at the subordinate level (e.g., Sparrow or Finch) for which the internal object information may play an important role in identification (Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). To investigate whether expert recognition relies on internal object information, we band-pass filtered bird images over a range of spatial frequencies (SF) and then masked the filtered image to preserve its global form. In Experiment 1, bird experts categorized common birds at the family level (e.g., Robin or Sparrow) more quickly and more accurately than novices. Both experts and novices were more accurate when bird images contained the internal information represented by a middle range of SFs, and this finding was characterized by a quadratic function in which accuracy decreased toward each end of the SF spectrum. However, the experts, but not the novices, showed a similar quadratic relationship between response times and SF range. In Experiment 2, experts categorized Warblers and Finches at the more specific, species level (e.g., Wilson's Warbler or House Finch). Recognition was again fastest and most accurate for images filtered in the middle range of SFs. Collectively, these results indicate that a midrange of SFs contain crucial information for subordinate recognition, and that extensive perceptual experience can influence the efficiency with which this information is utilized. (PsycINFO Database Record
新手能够识别基本范畴水平的物体（如狗、椅子和鸟），对这些物体的识别基于其整体形状（Rosch、Mervis、Gray、Johnson和Boyes-Braem，1976）。相比之下，专家能够在下属水平识别其专业领域内的物体（如麻雀或朱雀），对于这些物体，内部信息在识别中可能起着重要作用（Tanaka和Taylor，1991）。为了研究专家识别是否依赖于物体内部信息，我们对一系列空间频率（SF）的鸟类图像进行带通滤波，然后对滤波后的图像进行掩蔽以保留其整体形状。在实验1中，鸟类专家在科水平（如知更鸟或麻雀）对常见鸟类进行分类时，比新手更快、更准确。当鸟类图像包含由中等范围的空间频率所代表的内部信息时，专家和新手的分类都更准确，这一结果可用二次函数来描述，即准确性在空间频率谱的两端下降。然而，只有专家在反应时间和空间频率范围之间呈现出类似的二次关系，新手则没有。在实验2中，专家在更具体的物种水平（如威尔逊氏莺或家朱雀）对莺类和雀类进行分类。对于在中等空间频率范围内滤波的图像，识别再次最快且最准确。总体而言，这些结果表明，中等范围的空间频率包含下属水平识别的关键信息，并且丰富的感知经验会影响利用这些信息的效率。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
