Ferretti R P
Department of Educational Studies, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
Res Dev Disabil. 1989;10(1):19-31. doi: 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90026-7.
Three decades of research purportedly show that mentally retarded persons neither spontaneously produce nor generalize problem-solving strategies. These observations are often attributed to deficiencies in superordinate skills and knowledge that control or influence the use of problem-solving strategies. This review shows that mentally retarded persons are often strategic when comprehension of the task requirements is ensured, and that generalization can be obtained when instructional experience with multiple task exemplars is given. Superordinate, representational, and nonvolitional factors are implicated in the production and generalization of strategies by mentally retarded persons.
据称，三十年的研究表明，智障人士既不会自发产生问题解决策略，也不会将其推广应用。这些观察结果通常归因于控制或影响问题解决策略使用的上级技能和知识的不足。本综述表明，当确保智障人士理解任务要求时，他们往往会采取策略，并且当给予他们多个任务示例的教学经验时，他们能够进行策略的推广应用。上级、表征和非意志因素与智障人士策略的产生和推广应用有关。
