Escoffre Jean-Michel, Deckers Roel, Bos Clemens, Moonen Chrit
Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;880:243-61. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_14.
Bubble-assisted ultrasound is a versatile technology with great potential in immunotherapy and vaccination. This technology involves the exposure of immune cells (i.e., dendritic cells, lymphocytes) in-vitro or diseased tissues (i.e., brain, tumor) in-vivo to ultrasound treatment with gas bubbles. Bubble destruction leads to physical forces that induce the direct delivery of weakly permeant immuno-stimulatory molecules either into the cytoplasm of immune cells, or through the endothelial barrier of diseased tissues. Hence, therapeutic antibodies (i.e., antibody-based immunotherapy) and cytokine-encoding nucleic acids (i.e., cytokine gene therapy) can be successfully delivered into diseased tissues, thus improving immune responses. In addition, protein antigens, as well as antigen-encoding nucleic acids (pDNA, mRNA), can be delivered into dendritic cells (i.e., dendritic cell-based vaccines), thus leading to a long-lasting prophylactic or therapeutic immunization. This chapter focuses on the state-of-the-art of bubble-assisted ultrasound in the field of immunotherapy and vaccination.
气泡辅助超声是一项在免疫治疗和疫苗接种方面具有巨大潜力的通用技术。该技术包括在体外将免疫细胞（即树突状细胞、淋巴细胞）或在体内将患病组织（即脑、肿瘤）暴露于带有气泡的超声治疗。气泡破坏会产生物理力，这些物理力可促使弱渗透性免疫刺激分子直接递送至免疫细胞的细胞质中，或穿过患病组织的内皮屏障。因此，治疗性抗体（即基于抗体的免疫疗法）和编码细胞因子的核酸（即细胞因子基因疗法）能够成功递送至患病组织，从而改善免疫反应。此外，蛋白质抗原以及编码抗原的核酸（pDNA、mRNA）可递送至树突状细胞（即基于树突状细胞的疫苗），从而实现持久的预防性或治疗性免疫接种。本章重点介绍气泡辅助超声在免疫治疗和疫苗接种领域的最新进展。
