Xia Hesheng, Zhao Yue, Tong Rui
State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;880:365-84. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_20.
The synthesis of multi-functional nanocarriers and the design of new stimuli-responsive means are equally important for drug delivery. Ultrasound can be used as a remote, non-invasive and controllable trigger for the stimuli-responsive release of nanocarriers. Polymeric micelles are one kind of potential drug nanocarrier. By combining ultrasound and polymeric micelles, a new modality (i.e., ultrasound-mediated polymeric micelle drug delivery) has been developed and has recently received increasing attention. A major challenge remaining in developing ultrasound-responsive polymeric micelles is the improvement of the sensitivity or responsiveness of polymeric micelles to ultrasound. This chapter reviews the recent advance in this field. In order to understand the interaction mechanism between ultrasound stimulus and polymeric micelles, ultrasound effects, such as thermal effect, cavitation effect, ultrasound sonochemistry (including ultrasonic degradation, ultrasound-initiated polymerization, ultrasonic in-situ polymerization and ultrasound site-specific degradation), as well as basic micellar knowledge are introduced. Ultrasound-mediated polymeric micelle drug delivery has been classified into two main streams based on the different interaction mechanism between ultrasound and polymeric micelles; one is based on the ultrasound-induced physical disruption of the micelle and reversible release of payload. The other is based on micellar ultrasound mechanochemical disruption and irreversible release of payload.
多功能纳米载体的合成以及新型刺激响应方式的设计对于药物递送同样重要。超声可作为纳米载体刺激响应释放的远程、非侵入性且可控的触发因素。聚合物胶束是一种潜在的药物纳米载体。通过将超声与聚合物胶束相结合，已开发出一种新的模式（即超声介导的聚合物胶束药物递送），并且最近受到了越来越多的关注。开发超声响应性聚合物胶束中仍然存在的一个主要挑战是提高聚合物胶束对超声的敏感性或响应性。本章综述了该领域的最新进展。为了理解超声刺激与聚合物胶束之间的相互作用机制，介绍了超声效应，如热效应、空化效应、超声声化学（包括超声降解、超声引发聚合、超声原位聚合和超声位点特异性降解）以及基本的胶束知识。基于超声与聚合物胶束之间不同的相互作用机制，超声介导的聚合物胶束药物递送已分为两个主要方向；一种基于超声诱导的胶束物理破坏和有效载荷的可逆释放。另一种基于胶束超声机械化学破坏和有效载荷的不可逆释放。
