Hanstock Helen G, Walsh Neil P, Edwards Jason P, Fortes Matthew B, Cosby Sara L, Nugent Aaron, Curran Tanya, Coyle Peter V, Ward Mark D, Yong Xin Hui Aw
1College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UNITED KINGDOM; 2Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UNITED KINGDOM; and 3Regional Virus Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UNITED KINGDOM.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Mar;48(3):569-77. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000801.
PURPOSE: Research has not convincingly demonstrated the utility of saliva secretory immunoglobulin-A (SIgA) as a biomarker of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) risk, and disagreement exists about the influence of heavy exercise ("open-window theory") and dehydration on saliva SIgA. Prompted by the search for viable alternatives, we compared the utility of tear and saliva SIgA to predict URTI prospectively (study 1) and assessed the influence of exercise (study 2) and dehydration (study 3) using a repeated-measures crossover design. METHODS: In study 1, 40 subjects were recruited during the common-cold season. Subjects provided tear and saliva samples weekly and recorded upper respiratory symptoms (URS) daily for 3 wk. Real-time PCR confirmed common-cold pathogens in 9 of 11 subjects reporting URS (82%). Predictive utility of tear and saliva SIgA was explored by comparing healthy samples with those collected during the week before URS. In study 2, 13 subjects performed a 2-h run at 65% V˙O2peak. In study 3, 13 subjects performed exercise heat stress to 3% body mass loss followed by overnight fluid restriction. RESULTS: Tear SIgA concentration and secretion rate were 48% and 51% lower, respectively, during URTI and 34% and 46% lower the week before URS (P < 0.05), but saliva SIgA remained unchanged. The risk of URS the following week increased ninefold (95% confidence interval, 1.7-48) when the tear SIgA secretion rate was <5.5 μg·min(-1) and sixfold (95% confidence interval, 1.2-29) when the tear SIgA secretion rate decreased >30%. Tear SIgA secretion rate >5.5 μg·min(-1) or no decrease of >30% predicted subjects free of URS in >80% of cases. Tear SIgA concentration decreased after exercise (-57%, P < 0.05) in line with the "open-window theory" but was unaffected by dehydration. Saliva flow rate decreased and saliva SIgA concentration increased after exercise and during dehydration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tear SIgA has utility as a noninvasive biomarker of mucosal immunity and common-cold risk.
目的：研究尚未令人信服地证明唾液分泌型免疫球蛋白A（SIgA）作为上呼吸道感染（URTI）风险生物标志物的效用，并且对于剧烈运动（“开窗理论”）和脱水对唾液SIgA的影响存在分歧。在寻求可行替代方法的推动下，我们前瞻性地比较了泪液和唾液SIgA预测URTI的效用（研究1），并使用重复测量交叉设计评估了运动（研究2）和脱水（研究3）的影响。 方法：在研究1中，在普通感冒季节招募了40名受试者。受试者每周提供泪液和唾液样本，并连续3周每天记录上呼吸道症状（URS）。实时PCR在11名报告URS的受试者中的9名（82%）中确认了普通感冒病原体。通过将健康样本与URS前一周收集的样本进行比较，探讨泪液和唾液SIgA的预测效用。在研究2中，13名受试者以65%的最大摄氧量进行了2小时的跑步。在研究3中，13名受试者进行运动热应激至体重减轻3%，然后进行过夜液体限制。 结果：在URTI期间，泪液SIgA浓度和分泌率分别降低了48%和51%，在URS前一周分别降低了34%和46%（P<0.05），但唾液SIgA保持不变。当泪液SIgA分泌率<5.5μg·min⁻¹时，下周发生URS的风险增加了9倍（95%置信区间，1.7-48），当泪液SIgA分泌率下降>30%时，风险增加了6倍（95%置信区间，1.2-29）。泪液SIgA分泌率>5.5μg·min⁻¹或下降幅度未超过30%可在80%以上的病例中预测受试者无URS。根据“开窗理论”，运动后泪液SIgA浓度下降（-57%，P<0.05），但不受脱水影响。运动后和脱水期间，唾液流速降低，唾液SIgA浓度升高（P<0.05）。 结论：泪液SIgA可作为黏膜免疫和普通感冒风险的无创生物标志物。
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016-3
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012-6-12
Front Immunol. 2019-5-31
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016-1
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2011-12-2
J Strength Cond Res. 2010-8
Nutrients. 2021-5-24
Front Immunol. 2019-5-31
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019-3-25
Zotero 插件