Kostović I, Lukinović N, Judas M, Bogdanović N, Mrzljak L, Zecević N, Kubat M
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia.
Metab Brain Dis. 1989 Mar;4(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/BF00999489.
We correlated neuroanatomical developmental parameters with sequential ultrasonography scans to reveal the structural basis of functional recovery after early focal hypoxic lesions of the human frontal lobe in premature infants. We studied the transient fetal subplate zone in the premotor and prefrontal cortex in premature, newborn, infant, and young adult brains by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemical, Golgi, and immunocytochemical methods. The structural in vivo rearrangements of the cerebral wall after perinatal lesions were studied on serial real-time sector scans (5-MHz transducer). The subplate zone contains "waiting" axons and randomly oriented fetal neurons, its developmental peak is between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation, and it is present in the frontal cortex of newborns and disappears after the sixth postnatal month, but individual subplate-like neurons remain until adulthood. Ultrasonography revealed remarkable structural rearrangements of the cerebral wall when the hypoxic lesion occurred during the developmental peak of the subplate zone: anechoic cavities ("cysts") develop rapidly (within 3 weeks) in premature brains, the rebuilding of these lesions continues after birth, and cavities disappear around the 11th month. We propose that the transient population of "waiting" axons and cells of the subplate zone participate in the structural and functional plasticity of the human cerebral cortex after perinatal brain damage.
我们将神经解剖学发育参数与连续超声扫描相关联，以揭示早产儿早期额叶局灶性缺氧损伤后功能恢复的结构基础。我们采用乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）组织化学、高尔基染色和免疫细胞化学方法，研究了早产儿、新生儿、婴儿和年轻成人脑运动前区和前额叶皮质中短暂存在的胎儿板下层区域。通过实时扇形扫描（5兆赫换能器）对围产期损伤后脑壁的结构在体重排进行了研究。板下层区域包含“等待”轴突和随机定向的胎儿神经元，其发育高峰期在妊娠22至34周之间，存在于新生儿的额叶皮质中，在出生后第六个月后消失，但个别类似板下层的神经元会一直保留到成年。超声检查显示，当缺氧损伤发生在板下层区域发育高峰期时，脑壁会发生显著的结构重排：早产儿脑中无回声腔（“囊肿”）迅速形成（3周内），这些损伤在出生后持续重建，腔在第11个月左右消失。我们认为，板下层区域“等待”轴突和细胞的短暂群体参与了围产期脑损伤后人脑皮质的结构和功能可塑性。
