Losasso Carmen, Cappa Veronica, Neuhouser Marian L, Giaccone Valerio, Andrighetto Igino, Ricci Antonia
Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy.
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA , USA.
Front Nutr. 2015 Oct 7;2:30. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00030. eCollection 2015.
In North-East Italy (the Veneto region), several public school nutrition policies have been developed to reduce the consumption of high-caloric snacks and beverages. However, little is known about whether the policies actually influence students' dietary behaviors. In order to address this point, a multi-center cross-sectional survey of 691 Italian students was conducted. Students completed the Beverage and Snack Questionnaire, which assesses the consumption of beverages and snacks at school and out of school. Three-level Poisson Models with random intercept with students (level 1 units) nested into classroom (level 2 units), and nested into schools (level 3 units), were used to examine the influence of the school setting vs. the out of school environment (independent variable) on students' consumption of sweet beverages, snacks, milk-based beverages, low-carbohydrate drinks, fruit, and vegetables (dependent variable) (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed a significantly higher consumption of sweet beverages, snacks, milk-based beverages, low-carbohydrate drinks, fruit, and vegetables out-of-the school, suggesting a school-protective association Thus, the policies aimed to limit or deny access to unhealthy foods in the school environment may play an important role in promoting more healthful dietary patterns for school children. Additional studies should be conducted to compare students' dietary behaviors between schools with nutrition policies to those without nutrition policies.
在意大利东北部（威尼托地区），已经制定了多项公立学校营养政策，以减少高热量零食和饮料的消费。然而，对于这些政策是否真的会影响学生的饮食行为，人们知之甚少。为了解决这一问题，对691名意大利学生进行了一项多中心横断面调查。学生们完成了《饮料和零食问卷》，该问卷评估了他们在学校和校外的饮料和零食消费情况。采用三级泊松模型，将学生（一级单位）嵌套在班级（二级单位）中，再嵌套在学校（三级单位）中，以检验学校环境与校外环境（自变量）对学生饮用甜味饮料、吃零食、饮用乳类饮料、饮用低碳水化合物饮料、食用水果和蔬菜（因变量）的影响（p≤0.05）。结果显示，校外甜味饮料、零食、乳类饮料、低碳水化合物饮料、水果和蔬菜的消费量明显更高，这表明存在一种学校保护关联。因此，旨在限制或禁止在学校环境中获取不健康食品的政策，可能在促进学童形成更健康的饮食模式方面发挥重要作用。应该进行更多研究，以比较有营养政策的学校和没有营养政策的学校中，学生的饮食行为有何不同。
