Yang Chun, Pan Xiangxiang, Zhao Yao, Wang Xin, Wang Zhongli
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing,10069, China.
Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing,100000, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Mar 16;9(3):e14517. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14517. eCollection 2023 Mar.
This study's main objective was to investigate the difference between snacking behaviors and dietary nutrient intake in boarding system students. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Beijing's closed and semi closed boarding management school. The snack consumption questionnaire collected snack consumption behaviors; three-day recall periods for food consumption data were collected through the canteen weighing method and 24-h dietary recall of students' intakes. For closed and semi closed boarding management schools, the percentage of never having snacking behaviors was 12.95% and 2.69% on weekdays and 2.16% and 4.19% on weekends. A higher proportion of respondents chose unhealthy snacks in closed boarding management schools. The main problems in closed boarding management schools were the excessively low percentage of energy from carbohydrates and the excessively high percentage of energy from fat. Both deficiency and excess energy supply ratios of protein, carbohydrate, and fat were present in semi-closed boarding management schools. There was a high risk of calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and selenium deficiency for most students in both management schools. The closed-school girls had the highest risk of suffering from iron deficiency. Vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and vitamin E deficiencies were severe in both schools, especially vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin B2 deficiencies in semi-closed boarding management schoolboys. Effective nutritional interventions should be taken to improve the nutritional status of both boarding management and school students.
本研究的主要目的是调查寄宿制学生的零食行为与膳食营养摄入之间的差异。在北京一所封闭式和半封闭式寄宿管理学校开展了一项横断面研究。通过零食消费问卷收集零食消费行为；通过食堂称重法和学生摄入量的24小时膳食回顾收集为期三天的食物消费数据。对于封闭式和半封闭式寄宿管理学校，平日从不有零食行为的比例分别为12.95%和2.69%，周末分别为2.16%和4.19%。在封闭式寄宿管理学校中，较高比例的受访者选择了不健康的零食。封闭式寄宿管理学校的主要问题是碳水化合物提供能量的比例过低，脂肪提供能量的比例过高。半封闭式寄宿管理学校存在蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪的能量供应不足和过剩比例的情况。两所管理学校的大多数学生都有钙、铁、锌、镁和硒缺乏的高风险。封闭式学校的女生缺铁风险最高。两所学校维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C和维生素E缺乏情况严重，尤其是半封闭式寄宿管理学校男生的维生素C、维生素A和维生素B2缺乏情况。应采取有效的营养干预措施，以改善寄宿管理和在校学生的营养状况。
