da Costa Andréa Pereira, Costa Francisco Borges, Soares Herbert Sousa, Ramirez Diego Garcia, Mesquita Eric Takashi Kamakura de Carvalho, Gennari Solange Maria, Marcili Arlei
1 Departmento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brasil .
2 Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária-AGED/MA , São Luís, MA, Brasil .
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2015 Nov;15(11):656-66. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1771. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
Trypanosoma and Leishmania are obligate parasites that cause important diseases in human and domestic animals. Wild mammals are the natural reservoirs of these parasites, which are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods. The present study aimed to detect the natural occurrence of trypanosomatids through serological diagnosis, PCR of whole blood and blood culture (hemoculture), and phylogenetic relationships using small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), cytochrome b, and glycosomal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) genes. Samples from 131 wild animals, including rodents, marsupials, and bats, were sampled in six areas in the state of Maranhão, in a transition zone of semiarid climates northeast of the equatorial humid Amazon. Serological analysis for Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi was performed in opossums by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and all animals were serologically negative. Nine positive hemocultures (6.77%) were isolated and cryopreserved and from mammals of the Didelphimorphia and Chiroptera orders and positioned in phylogenies on the basis of sequences from different genes with reference strains of Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei and T. cruzi. From primary samples (blood and tissues) only one bat, Pteronotus parnellii, was positive to SSU rDNA and gGAPDH genes and grouped with the L. infantum chagasi branch. The studies conducted in Maranhão State provide knowledge of parasite diversity. It is important to determine the presence of trypanosomatids in wild mammals with synanthropic habits.
锥虫和利什曼原虫是专性寄生虫，可在人类和家畜中引发重要疾病。野生哺乳动物是这些寄生虫的天然宿主，它们通过吸血节肢动物传播。本研究旨在通过血清学诊断、全血PCR和血培养（血液培养）来检测锥虫的自然发生情况，并利用小亚基核糖体DNA（SSU rDNA）、细胞色素b和糖体甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（gGAPDH）基因来确定系统发育关系。在赤道湿润亚马逊地区东北部半干旱气候过渡带的马拉尼昂州的六个地区，采集了131只野生动物的样本，包括啮齿动物、有袋动物和蝙蝠。通过间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）对负鼠进行了婴儿利什曼原虫（利什曼原虫）恰加斯亚种的血清学分析，所有动物血清学均为阴性。分离并冷冻保存了9份阳性血液培养物（6.77%），这些培养物来自负鼠目和翼手目的哺乳动物，并根据来自不同基因的序列以及克氏锥虫马林凯雷亚种和克氏锥虫的参考菌株定位在系统发育树上。从原始样本（血液和组织）中，只有一只蝙蝠——帕氏叶鼻蝠，对SSU rDNA和gGAPDH基因呈阳性，并与婴儿利什曼原虫恰加斯亚种分支聚类。在马拉尼昂州进行的研究提供了寄生虫多样性的相关知识。确定具有共栖习性的野生哺乳动物中锥虫的存在情况很重要。
