Faculty of Health and LIfe Sciences, Northumbria University, NE1 8ST, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK.
Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Dec;22(24):20312-5. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5643-8. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
Indoor environment is important to human health and well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships among indoor cleaning, rubbish disposal and human health and well-being in a national and population-based setting. Data was retrieved from the Japanese General Social Survey, 2010. Information on demographics, lifestyle factors, frequency of indoor cleaning and rubbish disposal and self-reported health and well-being in Japanese adults was obtained by household interview. Analysis included chi-square test, logistic and multi-nominal regression modelling. Of 5003 Japanese adults (aged 20-89) included in the study cohort, 11.4 % (n = 566) never cleaned their living place, 39.1 % had occasional cleaning and 49.6 % had frequent cleaning. Moreover, 17.5 % (n = 869) never disposed rubbish, 24.9 % had occasional rubbish disposal and 57.6 % had frequent rubbish disposal. 15.0 % of Japanese adults claimed poor self-rated health, and 5.9 % reported unhappiness. Compared to people who frequently cleaned the living place, others tended to report poor self-rated health condition (relative risk ratios (RRR) 1.52, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) 1.24-1.85, P < 0.001) and unhappiness (RRR 1.47, 95 % CI 1.10-1.95, P < 0.001). The combined effects of never cleaning and never rubbish disposal significantly impacted on poor self-rated health (RRR 2.61, 95 % CI 1.40-4.88, P = 0.003) and unhappiness (RRR 2.72, 95 % CI 1.72-4.30, P < 0.001). Only half of the Japanese population frequently cleaned their living place and disposed rubbish. Less or never cleaning and rubbish disposal were associated with poor self-rated health, subjective happiness and potentially other health conditions. Public education on maintaining clean indoor environments to optimise psychological well-being in addition to the known physical health would be suggested.
室内环境对人类健康和幸福至关重要。本研究旨在探讨在全国范围内和基于人群的环境中，室内清洁、垃圾处理与人类健康和幸福之间的关系。数据来自日本 2010 年一般社会调查。通过家庭访谈获取了日本成年人的人口统计学、生活方式因素、室内清洁和垃圾处理频率以及自我报告的健康和幸福感信息。分析包括卡方检验、逻辑和多项回归建模。在纳入研究队列的 5003 名日本成年人（年龄 20-89 岁）中，11.4%（n=566）从不清洁居住场所，39.1%偶尔清洁，49.6%经常清洁。此外，17.5%（n=869）从不处理垃圾，24.9%偶尔处理垃圾，57.6%经常处理垃圾。15.0%的日本成年人自我报告健康状况较差，5.9%报告不幸福。与经常清洁居住场所的人相比，其他人更有可能报告健康状况较差（相对风险比（RRR）1.52，95%置信区间（CI）1.24-1.85，P<0.001）和不幸福（RRR 1.47，95%CI 1.10-1.95，P<0.001）。从不清洁和从不处理垃圾的综合影响显著影响自我报告的健康状况较差（RRR 2.61，95%CI 1.40-4.88，P=0.003）和不幸福（RRR 2.72，95%CI 1.72-4.30，P<0.001）。只有一半的日本人口经常清洁居住场所并处理垃圾。较少或从不清洁和处理垃圾与较差的自我报告健康状况、主观幸福感以及潜在的其他健康状况有关。建议进行公共教育，以保持室内清洁环境，除了已知的身体健康外，还要优化心理健康。
