自评健康与幸福的社会经济决定因素的协变：对美国个人和社区的多变量多层次分析
Covariation in the socioeconomic determinants of self rated health and happiness: a multivariate multilevel analysis of individuals and communities in the USA.
作者信息
Subramanian S V, Kim Daniel, Kawachi Ichiro
机构信息
Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
出版信息
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005 Aug;59(8):664-9. doi: 10.1136/jech.2004.025742.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To investigate individual level determinants of self rated health and happiness, as well as the extent of community level covariation in health and happiness.
DESIGN
Multivariate multilevel regression analysis of self rated poor health and unhappiness at level 1, nested within 24 118 people at level 2, nested within 36 communities at level 3. Data were obtained from the 2000 social capital benchmark survey.
SETTING
USA communities.
PARTICIPANTS
24 118 adults.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Self reported fair/poor health; and a single item measure of subjective wellbeing.
RESULTS
Controlling for demographic markers, a strong income and education gradient was seen for self rated poor health and unhappiness, with the gradient being stronger for poor health. Community level correlations between self rated poor health and happiness were stronger (0.65) than the individual level correlations (0.16) between the two outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Poor health and unhappiness are highly positively correlated within individuals, and communities that are healthier tend to be happier and vice versa.
摘要
目的
研究自我评估健康状况和幸福感的个体层面决定因素，以及健康与幸福感在社区层面的协变程度。
设计
在三级层面（36个社区、24118人、个体）进行的多变量多层次回归分析，一级层面为自我评估的健康状况不佳和不幸福。数据来自2000年社会资本基准调查。
地点
美国社区。
参与者
24118名成年人。
主要观察指标
自我报告的健康状况一般/较差；主观幸福感单项测量。
结果
在控制人口统计学指标后，自我评估的健康状况不佳和不幸福呈现出强烈的收入和教育梯度，健康状况不佳的梯度更强。自我评估的健康状况不佳与幸福感在社区层面的相关性（0.65）强于这两个结果在个体层面的相关性（0.16）。
结论
健康状况不佳与个体层面的不幸福高度正相关，健康状况较好的社区往往幸福感更强，反之亦然。
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