Catalini Christian, Lacetera Nicola, Oettl Alexander
MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142;
Institute for Management and Innovation, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5L 1C6;
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Nov 10;112(45):13823-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502280112. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
Citations to previous literature are extensively used to measure the quality and diffusion of knowledge. However, we know little about the different ways in which a study can be cited; in particular, are papers cited to point out their merits or their flaws? We elaborated a methodology to characterize "negative" citations using bibliometric data and natural language processing. We found that negative citations concerned higher-quality papers, were focused on a study's findings rather than theories or methods, and originated from scholars who were closer to the authors of the focal paper in terms of discipline and social distance, but not geographically. Receiving a negative citation was also associated with a slightly faster decline in citations to the paper in the long run.
引用先前的文献被广泛用于衡量知识的质量和传播情况。然而，我们对一篇研究被引用的不同方式知之甚少；特别是，引用论文是为了指出其优点还是缺点？我们精心设计了一种方法，利用文献计量数据和自然语言处理来刻画“负面”引用。我们发现，负面引用涉及质量较高的论文，关注的是研究结果而非理论或方法，并且源自那些在学科和社会距离方面与核心论文作者更接近但地理位置上并非如此的学者。从长远来看，收到负面引用也与该论文引用量的略微更快下降有关。
