Dellinger Agnes S, Essl Franz, Hojsgaard Diego, Kirchheimer Bernhard, Klatt Simone, Dawson Wayne, Pergl Jan, Pyšek Petr, van Kleunen Mark, Weber Ewald, Winter Marten, Hörandl Elvira, Dullinger Stefan
Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria.
Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, 37073, Germany.
New Phytol. 2016 Feb;209(3):1313-23. doi: 10.1111/nph.13694. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Biological invasions can be associated with shifts of the species' climatic niches but the incidence of such shifts is under debate. The reproductive system might be a key factor controlling such shifts because it influences a species' evolutionary flexibility. However, the link between reproductive systems and niche dynamics in plant invasions has been little studied so far. We compiled global occurrence data sets of 13 congeneric sexual and apomictic species pairs, and used principal components analysis (PCA) and kernel smoothers to compare changes in climatic niche optima, breadths and unfilling/expansion between native and alien ranges. Niche change metrics were compared between sexual and apomictic species. All 26 species showed changes in niche optima and/or breadth and 14 species significantly expanded their climatic niches. However, we found no effect of the reproductive system on niche dynamics. Instead, species with narrower native niches showed higher rates of niche expansion in the alien ranges. Our results suggest that niche shifts are frequent in plant invasions but evolutionary potential may not be of major importance for such shifts. Niche dynamics rather appear to be driven by changes of the realized niche without adaptive change of the fundamental climatic niche.
生物入侵可能与物种气候生态位的变化有关，但这种变化的发生率仍存在争议。生殖系统可能是控制此类变化的关键因素，因为它影响物种的进化灵活性。然而，到目前为止，植物入侵中生殖系统与生态位动态之间的联系鲜有研究。我们汇编了13对同属有性生殖和无融合生殖物种的全球分布数据集，并使用主成分分析（PCA）和核平滑器来比较本地和外来分布区之间气候生态位最适值、宽度以及未填充/扩展的变化。对有性生殖和无融合生殖物种的生态位变化指标进行了比较。所有26个物种均表现出生态位最适值和/或宽度的变化，14个物种显著扩大了其气候生态位。然而，我们发现生殖系统对生态位动态没有影响。相反，本地生态位较窄的物种在外来分布区表现出更高的生态位扩张率。我们的结果表明，生态位转移在植物入侵中很常见，但进化潜力对此类转移可能并不重要。生态位动态似乎更多地是由实际生态位的变化驱动，而基本气候生态位并未发生适应性变化。
