Angal Lorainne, Mahmud Rohela, Samin Sajideh, Yap Nan-Jiun, Ngui Romano, Amir Amirah, Ithoi Init, Kamarulzaman Adeeba, Lim Yvonne A L
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Penjara Utama Kajang, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Oct 29;15:467. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1178-3.
The prison management in Malaysia is proactively seeking to improve the health status of the prison inmates. Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are widely distributed throughout the world and are still gaining great concern due to their significant morbidity and mortality among infected humans. In Malaysia, there is a paucity of information on IPIs among prison inmates. In order to further enhance the current health strategies employed, the present study aims to establish firm data on the prevalence and diversity of IPIs among HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals in a prison, an area in which informed knowledge is still very limited.
Samples were subjected to microscopy examination and serological test (only for Strongyloides). Speciation for parasites on microscopy-positive samples and seropositive samples for Strongyloides were further determined via polymerase chain reaction. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.
A total of 294 stool and blood samples each were successfully collected, involving 131 HIV positive and 163 HIV negative adult male inmates whose age ranged from 21 to 69-years-old. Overall prevalence showed 26.5% was positive for various IPIs. The IPIs detected included Blastocystis sp., Strongyloides stercoralis, Entamoeba spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., and Trichuris trichiura. Comparatively, the rate of IPIs was slightly higher among the HIV positive inmates (27.5%) than HIV negative inmates (25.8%). Interestingly, seropositivity for S. stercoralis was more predominant in HIV negative inmates (10.4%) compared to HIV-infected inmates (6.9%), however these findings were not statistically significant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of Blastocystis, Strongyloides, Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar.
These data will enable the health care providers and prison management staff to understand the trend and epidemiological situations in HIV/parasitic co-infections in a prison. This information will further assist in providing evidence-based guidance to improve prevention, control and management strategies of IPIs co-infections among both HIV positive and HIV negative inmates in a prison environment.
马来西亚的监狱管理部门正积极致力于改善囚犯的健康状况。肠道寄生虫感染（IPIs）在全球广泛分布，因其在感染者中导致的高发病率和死亡率，仍备受关注。在马来西亚，关于监狱囚犯中肠道寄生虫感染的信息匮乏。为进一步完善当前所采用的健康策略，本研究旨在获取确凿数据，以了解监狱中感染艾滋病毒和未感染艾滋病毒个体的肠道寄生虫感染患病率及种类，而这一领域的相关知识仍极为有限。
样本进行显微镜检查和血清学检测（仅针对粪类圆线虫）。通过聚合酶链反应进一步确定显微镜检查阳性样本和粪类圆线虫血清学阳性样本中的寄生虫种类。使用SPSS进行统计分析。
共成功采集了294份粪便和血液样本，涉及131名年龄在21至69岁之间的艾滋病毒阳性成年男性囚犯和163名艾滋病毒阴性成年男性囚犯。总体患病率显示，各种肠道寄生虫感染的阳性率为26.5%。检测到的肠道寄生虫感染包括芽囊原虫、粪类圆线虫、内阿米巴属、隐孢子虫属、贾第虫属和鞭虫。相比之下，艾滋病毒阳性囚犯的肠道寄生虫感染率（27.5%）略高于艾滋病毒阴性囚犯（25.8%）。有趣的是，粪类圆线虫血清阳性率在艾滋病毒阴性囚犯（10.4%）中比艾滋病毒感染囚犯（6.9%）中更为常见，然而这些结果并无统计学意义。聚合酶链反应（PCR）证实了芽囊原虫、粪类圆线虫、溶组织内阿米巴和迪斯帕内阿米巴的存在。
这些数据将使医疗保健提供者和监狱管理人员了解监狱中艾滋病毒/寄生虫合并感染的趋势和流行病学情况。这些信息将进一步有助于提供循证指导，以改进监狱环境中艾滋病毒阳性和阴性囚犯肠道寄生虫感染合并症的预防、控制和管理策略。
