Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2024 May 20;24(1):1355. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18863-6.
Globally, the population of older people is increasing and is estimated to reach nearly 2.1 billion by 2050. Physical activity (PA) is one of the key components for successful ageing. However, PA decreases with age and many older adults do not meet PA guidelines. Previous research has shown that social support (SOSU) is related to PA in older people. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map all of the available evidence and to explore the association between functional SOSU and PA in older adults. Functional SOSU consists of emotional, informational, instrumental and companionship SOSU and social comparison.
A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna-Briggs manual. Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating associations between functional SOSU and PA levels in older adults (mean age ≥ 60 years) were identified through a systematic search in seven electronic databases up to August 2023. After removing duplicates, 20,907 articles were screened for titles and abstracts. The results were analysed separately for different types of SOSU.
116 articles met the inclusion criteria; 72% were quantitative studies and 28% were qualitative studies. Most studies used self-reported PA measures, only 23% of the studies used objective-reported PA measures. Most studies of SOSU for PA reported positive associations but the evidence is inconclusive when the source of support is considered. PA is positively associated with general, emotional, informational, and companionship SOSU, while instrumental support may occasionally be negatively associated. Companionship support is particularly influential on PA, especially in group settings, as it promotes social connectedness. Qualitative studies show that social comparison also supports PA. Different forms of SOSU generally show positive associations with PA.
While the evidence on the association between functional SOSU and PA is mixed, most studies show that there is a positive association. PA may also be a strategy for improving social contact and social integration. This study offers a comprehensive overview of measures for SOSU and PA and thereby informs future research and policy-making.
全球范围内，老年人的数量正在增加，预计到 2050 年将达到近 21 亿。身体活动（PA）是成功老龄化的关键组成部分之一。然而，随着年龄的增长，PA 会减少，许多老年人无法达到 PA 指南的要求。先前的研究表明，社会支持（SOSU）与老年人的 PA 有关。本综述的目的是确定和绘制所有现有证据，并探讨功能 SOSU 与老年人 PA 之间的关联。功能 SOSU 由情感、信息、工具和陪伴 SOSU 以及社会比较组成。
采用 Joanna-Briggs 手册进行范围综述。通过系统检索七个电子数据库，确定了定量和定性研究，这些研究调查了老年人（平均年龄≥60 岁）之间功能 SOSU 与 PA 水平之间的关联。在去除重复项后，筛选了 20,907 篇文章的标题和摘要。然后分别对不同类型的 SOSU 进行分析。
符合纳入标准的文章有 116 篇；其中 72%为定量研究，28%为定性研究。大多数研究使用自我报告的 PA 测量方法，只有 23%的研究使用客观报告的 PA 测量方法。大多数关于 SOSU 与 PA 的研究报告了积极的关联，但当考虑支持的来源时，证据并不确定。PA 与一般、情感、信息和陪伴 SOSU 呈正相关，而工具支持偶尔可能呈负相关。陪伴支持对 PA 尤其有影响，尤其是在团体环境中，因为它促进了社交联系。定性研究表明，社会比较也支持 PA。不同形式的 SOSU 通常与 PA 呈正相关。
尽管关于功能 SOSU 与 PA 之间关联的证据存在分歧，但大多数研究表明存在正相关。PA 也可能是改善社交联系和社会融合的一种策略。本研究全面概述了 SOSU 和 PA 的测量方法，从而为未来的研究和决策提供了信息。
