National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
Adv Mater. 2016 Feb 10;28(6):993-1010. doi: 10.1002/adma.201502593. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
The field of mesoporous metal nanoarchitectonics offers several advantages which cannot be found elsewhere. These materials have been showcasing impressive enhancements of their electrochemical properties for further implementation, compared to their micro- and macroporous counterparts. Since the last few decades, various methods have been developed to achieve narrow pore size distribution with a tunable porosity and particle morphology. While hard templates offer a reliable and intuitive approach to synthesize mesoporous metals, the complexity of the technique and the use of harmful chemicals pushed several research groups to focus in other directions. For example, soft templates (e.g., lyotropic crystals, micelles assemblies) and solution phase methods (requiring to control reduction reactions) offer more and more possibilities in terms of available compositions and morphologies. Indeed, various metal (Pt, Pd, Au, Ru, etc.) can now be synthesized as dendritic, core@shell, hollow or polyhedral nanoparticles, with single- or multicomponents, alloyed or not, with unprecedented electrochemical activity.
介孔金属纳米结构具有许多其他领域无法比拟的优势。与微孔和大孔材料相比，这些材料在电化学性能方面得到了显著提高。在过去几十年中，已经开发出各种方法来实现具有可调孔隙率和颗粒形态的窄孔径分布。虽然硬模板为合成介孔金属提供了一种可靠和直观的方法，但该技术的复杂性和使用有害化学物质促使许多研究小组将注意力转向其他方向。例如，软模板（例如溶致液晶、胶束组装体）和溶液相方法（需要控制还原反应）在可用组成和形态方面提供了越来越多的可能性。事实上，现在可以将各种金属（Pt、Pd、Au、Ru 等）合成成分和形态前所未有的树枝状、核壳、空心或多面体纳米粒子，具有单组分或多组分、合金或非合金，具有前所未有的电化学活性。
