Sampson John H, Mitchell Duane A
Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (J.H.S.); Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (D.A.M.).
Neuro Oncol. 2015 Nov;17 Suppl 7(Suppl 7):vii15-vii25. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov159.
Vaccination against cancer-associated antigens has long held the promise of inducting potent antitumor immunity, targeted cytotoxicity while sparing normal tissues, and long-lasting immunologic memory that can provide surveillance against tumor recurrence. Evaluation of vaccination strategies in preclinical brain tumor models has borne out the capacity for the immune system to effectively and safely eradicate established tumors within the central nervous system. Early phase clinical trials have established the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of several vaccine platforms, predominantly in patients with glioblastoma. Definitive demonstration of clinical benefit awaits further study, but initial results have been encouraging. With increased understanding of the stimulatory and regulatory pathways that govern immunologic responses and the enhanced capacity to identify novel antigenic targets using genomic interrogation of tumor cells, vaccination platforms for patients with malignant brain tumors are advancing with increasing personalized complexity and integration into combinatorial treatment paradigms.
针对癌症相关抗原进行疫苗接种长期以来一直有望诱导强大的抗肿瘤免疫力、靶向细胞毒性，同时保护正常组织，并产生持久的免疫记忆，从而对肿瘤复发进行监测。在临床前脑肿瘤模型中对疫苗接种策略的评估证实了免疫系统有效且安全地根除中枢神经系统内已形成肿瘤的能力。早期临床试验已经确定了几种疫苗平台的可行性、安全性和免疫原性，主要针对胶质母细胞瘤患者。临床获益的确切证明尚待进一步研究，但初步结果令人鼓舞。随着对控制免疫反应的刺激和调节途径的了解不断增加，以及利用肿瘤细胞基因组分析识别新抗原靶点的能力增强，针对恶性脑肿瘤患者的疫苗平台正朝着日益个性化的复杂性发展，并融入联合治疗模式。
