Moisello Clara, Blanco Daniella, Lin Jing, Panday Priya, Kelly Simon P, Quartarone Angelo, Di Rocco Alessandro, Cirelli Chiara, Tononi Giulio, Ghilardi M Felice
Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience CUNY Medical School New York New York 10031.
Department of Biomedical Engineering CCNY New York New York 10031.
Brain Behav. 2015 Sep 23;5(10):e00374. doi: 10.1002/brb3.374. eCollection 2015 Oct.
PD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by impairments in cortical plasticity, in beta frequency at rest and in beta power modulation during movement (i.e., event-related ERS [synchronization] and ERD [desynchronization]). Recent results with experimental protocols inducing long-term potentiation in healthy subjects suggest that cortical plasticity phenomena might be reflected by changes of beta power recorded with EEG during rest. Here, we determined whether motor practice produces changes in beta power at rest and during movements in both healthy subjects and patients with PD. We hypothesized that such changes would be reduced in PD.
We thus recorded EEG in patients with PD and age-matched controls before, during and after a 40-minute reaching task. We determined posttask changes of beta power at rest and assessed the progressive changes of beta ERD and ERS during the task over frontal and sensorimotor regions.
We found that beta ERS and ERD changed significantly with practice in controls but not in PD. In PD compared to controls, beta power at rest was greater over frontal sensors but posttask changes, like those during movements, were far less evident. In both groups, kinematic characteristics improved with practice; however, there was no correlation between such improvements and the changes in beta power.
We conclude that prolonged practice in a motor task produces use-dependent modifications that are reflected in changes of beta power at rest and during movement. In PD, such changes are significantly reduced; such a reduction might represent, at least partially, impairment of cortical plasticity.
帕金森病（PD）的特征在于皮质可塑性受损、静息时β频率以及运动期间β功率调制受损（即事件相关的ERS[同步化]和ERD[去同步化]）。近期对健康受试者进行诱导长期增强的实验方案的研究结果表明，皮质可塑性现象可能通过静息时脑电图记录的β功率变化得以体现。在此，我们确定运动练习是否会使健康受试者和PD患者在静息和运动时的β功率发生变化。我们假设PD患者中这种变化会减少。
因此，我们在一项40分钟的伸手任务之前、期间和之后记录了PD患者和年龄匹配的对照组的脑电图。我们确定了静息时β功率的任务后变化，并评估了任务期间额叶和感觉运动区域β ERD和ERS的渐进变化。
我们发现，对照组中β ERS和ERD随练习有显著变化，而PD患者中则无。与对照组相比，PD患者额叶传感器处的静息β功率更高，但任务后变化，如运动期间的变化，远不那么明显。两组的运动学特征均随练习而改善；然而，这些改善与β功率变化之间没有相关性。
我们得出结论，运动任务中的长时间练习会产生依赖于使用的改变，这反映在静息和运动时β功率的变化上。在PD患者中，这种变化显著减少；这种减少可能至少部分代表皮质可塑性受损。
