Peter Jaime, Ferraioli Francesca, Mathew Dave, George Shaina, Chan Cameron, Alalade Tomisin, Salcedo Sheilla A, Saed Shannon, Tatti Elisa, Quartarone Angelo, Ghilardi M Felice
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo-Piemonte, Messina, Italy.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Nov 23;16:1045715. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1045715. eCollection 2022.
Movement-related oscillations in the beta range (from 13 to 30 Hz) have been observed over sensorimotor areas with power decrease (i.e., event-related desynchronization, ERD) during motor planning and execution followed by an increase (i.e., event-related synchronization, ERS) after the movement's end. These phenomena occur during active, passive, imaged, and observed movements. Several electrophysiology studies have used beta ERD and ERS as functional indices of sensorimotor integrity, primarily in diseases affecting the motor system. Recent literature also highlights other characteristics of beta ERD and ERS, implying their role in processes not strictly related to motor function. Here we review studies about movement-related ERD and ERS in diseases characterized by motor dysfunction, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. We also review changes of beta ERD and ERS reported in physiological aging, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, three conditions without overt motor symptoms. The review of these works shows that ERD and ERS abnormalities are present across the spectrum of the examined pathologies as well as development and aging. They further suggest that cognition and movement are tightly related processes that may share common mechanisms regulated by beta modulation. Future studies with a multimodal approach are warranted to understand not only the specific topographical dynamics of movement-related beta modulation but also the general meaning of beta frequency changes occurring in relation to movement and cognitive processes at large. Such an approach will provide the foundation to devise and implement novel therapeutic approaches to neuropsychiatric disorders.
在运动计划和执行过程中，已观察到感觉运动区域出现β频段（13至30赫兹）与运动相关的振荡，其功率下降（即事件相关去同步化，ERD），运动结束后功率增加（即事件相关同步化，ERS）。这些现象在主动运动、被动运动、想象运动和观察运动期间均会出现。多项电生理学研究将β频段的ERD和ERS用作感觉运动完整性的功能指标，主要用于研究影响运动系统的疾病。近期文献还强调了β频段ERD和ERS的其他特征，这意味着它们在与运动功能并非严格相关的过程中发挥作用。在此，我们综述了有关运动功能障碍相关疾病中与运动相关的ERD和ERS的研究，包括帕金森病、肌张力障碍、中风、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、脑瘫和多发性硬化症。我们还综述了在生理衰老、阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症这三种无明显运动症状的情况下所报道的β频段ERD和ERS的变化。对这些研究的综述表明，在所研究的各种病理状态以及发育和衰老过程中均存在ERD和ERS异常。它们进一步表明，认知和运动是紧密相关的过程，可能共享由β调制调节的共同机制。未来有必要采用多模态方法进行研究，以不仅了解与运动相关的β调制的特定地形动力学，还了解与运动和认知过程相关的β频率变化的一般意义。这样的方法将为设计和实施针对神经精神疾病的新型治疗方法奠定基础。
