Pybus Oliver G, Thézé Julien
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Curr Opin Virol. 2016 Feb;16:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.10.002. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Just 5 years ago the hepatitis C virus (HCV) - a major cause of liver disease infecting >3% of people worldwide - was the sole confirmed member of the Hepacivirus genus. Since then, genetically-diverse hepaciviruses have been isolated from bats, dogs, cows, horses, primates and rodents. Here we review current information on the hepaciviruses and speculate on the zoonotic origins of the viruses in humans, horses and dogs. Recent and direct cross-species transmission from horses to dogs appears plausible, but the zoonotic origins of HCV in humans remain opaque. Mechanical transmission by biting insects, notably tabanids, could, in theory, connect all three host species. Much further work is needed to understand the transmission and zoonotic potential of hepaciviruses in natural populations.
就在5年前，丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）——一种导致肝脏疾病的主要病因，全球超过3%的人受到感染——还是肝炎病毒属中唯一被确认的成员。从那时起，已经从蝙蝠、狗、牛、马、灵长类动物和啮齿动物中分离出了基因多样的肝炎病毒。在此，我们回顾了关于肝炎病毒的当前信息，并推测了这些病毒在人类、马和狗身上的人畜共患病起源。近期马与狗之间直接的跨物种传播似乎是合理的，但人类丙型肝炎病毒的人畜共患病起源仍不明确。理论上，叮咬昆虫，尤其是虻类的机械传播可能会将这三种宿主物种联系起来。需要开展更多的研究工作来了解肝炎病毒在自然种群中的传播情况和人畜共患病潜力。
