Caffarelli Carlo, Santamaria Francesca, Cesari Silvia, Sciorio Elisa, Povesi-Dascola Carlotta, Bernasconi Sergio
Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2015 Oct 31;41:84. doi: 10.1186/s13052-015-0193-8.
Major advances in the conduct of pediatric practice have been reported in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2014. This review highlights developments in allergy, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nutrition, oncology and respiratory tract illnesses. Investigations endorse a need to better educate guardians and improve nutritional management in food allergy. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates and of bronchiolitis have been improved by position statements of scientific societies. Novel treatments for infant colic and inflammatory bowel diseases have emerged. Studies suggest the diagnostic utility of ultrasonography in diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia. Progress in infectious diseases should include the universal varicella vaccination of children. Recommendations on asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome have been highlighted in neonatology. Studies have evidenced that malnutrition remains a common underestimated problem in developing countries, while exposure to cancer risk factors in children is not negligible in Western countries. Advances in our understanding of less common diseases such as cystic fibrosis, plastic bronchitis, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis facilitate diagnosis and management. Researches have led to new therapeutic approaches in patent ductus arteriosus and pediatric malignancies.
《意大利儿科学杂志》于2014年报道了儿科学实践中的重大进展。本综述重点介绍了过敏、胃肠病学、传染病、新生儿学、营养、肿瘤学和呼吸道疾病方面的进展。调查表明有必要更好地教育监护人并改善食物过敏的营养管理。科学协会的立场声明改善了新生儿高胆红素血症和细支气管炎的管理。出现了治疗婴儿腹绞痛和炎症性肠病的新方法。研究表明超声检查在诊断社区获得性肺炎方面具有诊断价值。传染病方面的进展应包括儿童普遍接种水痘疫苗。新生儿学中强调了关于窒息和呼吸窘迫综合征的建议。研究证明，营养不良在发展中国家仍然是一个普遍被低估的问题，而在西方国家，儿童接触癌症风险因素也不容忽视。我们对囊性纤维化、塑料支气管炎、特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症等较罕见疾病的认识取得进展，有助于诊断和管理。研究带来了动脉导管未闭和儿童恶性肿瘤的新治疗方法。
