Read Gemma J M, Salmon Paul M, Lenné Michael G, Stanton Neville A
Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Building 70, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia.
Appl Ergon. 2016 Mar;53 Pt A:209-27. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.10.004. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Pedestrian fatalities at rail level crossings (RLXs) are a public safety concern for governments worldwide. There is little literature examining pedestrian behaviour at RLXs and no previous studies have adopted a formative approach to understanding behaviour in this context. In this article, cognitive work analysis is applied to understand the constraints that shape pedestrian behaviour at RLXs in Melbourne, Australia. The five phases of cognitive work analysis were developed using data gathered via document analysis, behavioural observation, walk-throughs and critical decision method interviews. The analysis demonstrates the complex nature of pedestrian decision making at RLXs and the findings are synthesised to provide a model illustrating the influences on pedestrian decision making in this context (i.e. time, effort and social pressures). Further, the CWA outputs are used to inform an analysis of the risks to safety associated with pedestrian behaviour at RLXs and the identification of potential interventions to reduce risk.
铁路平交道口的行人死亡事故是全球各国政府关注的公共安全问题。关于行人在铁路平交道口行为的文献很少，之前也没有研究采用形成性方法来理解这种情况下的行为。在本文中，运用认知工作分析来理解影响澳大利亚墨尔本铁路平交道口行人行为的制约因素。认知工作分析的五个阶段是通过文件分析、行为观察、实地考察和关键决策方法访谈收集的数据来确定的。分析表明了铁路平交道口行人决策的复杂性，并综合研究结果提供了一个模型，说明在这种情况下对行人决策的影响因素（即时间、精力和社会压力）。此外，认知工作分析的结果用于分析与铁路平交道口行人行为相关的安全风险，并确定降低风险的潜在干预措施。
