Rastogi Neelesh, Smith R Theodore
Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2016 Jul-Aug;61(4):422-33. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of adult blindness in the developed world. Thus, major endeavors to understand the risk factors and pathogenesis of this disease have been undertaken. Reticular macular disease is a proposed subtype of age-related macular degeneration correlating histologically with subretinal drusenoid deposits located between the retinal pigment epithelium and the inner segment ellipsoid zone. Reticular lesions are more prevalent in females and in older age groups and are associated with a higher mortality rate. Risk factors for developing age-related macular degeneration include hypertension, smoking, and angina. Several genes related to increased risk for age-related macular degeneration and reticular macular disease are also associated with cardiovascular disease. Better understanding of the clinical and genetic risk factors for age-related macular degeneration and reticular macular disease has led to the hypothesis that these eye diseases are systemic. A systemic origin may help to explain why reticular disease is diagnosed more frequently in females as males suffer cardiovascular mortality at an earlier age, before the age of diagnosis of reticular macular disease and age-related macular degeneration.
年龄相关性黄斑变性是发达国家成年人失明的主要原因。因此，人们已在努力了解该疾病的危险因素和发病机制。网状黄斑疾病是年龄相关性黄斑变性的一种亚型，在组织学上与位于视网膜色素上皮和内节椭圆体带之间的视网膜下类玻璃膜疣沉积物相关。网状病变在女性和老年人群中更为普遍，并且与较高的死亡率相关。年龄相关性黄斑变性的危险因素包括高血压、吸烟和心绞痛。一些与年龄相关性黄斑变性和网状黄斑疾病风险增加相关的基因也与心血管疾病有关。对年龄相关性黄斑变性和网状黄斑疾病的临床和遗传危险因素的更好理解导致了这样一种假设，即这些眼病具有全身性。全身性起源可能有助于解释为什么网状疾病在女性中更频繁地被诊断出来，因为男性在更早的年龄，即在网状黄斑疾病和年龄相关性黄斑变性被诊断之前就死于心血管疾病。
