Davies Brenda L, Gehringer James E, Kurz Max J
Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Hum Mov Sci. 2015 Dec;44:299-306. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.10.002. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
While the development and execution of upper extremity motor plans have been well explored, little is known about how individuals plan and execute rapid, goal-directed motor tasks with the lower extremities. Furthermore, the amount of time needed to integrate the proper amount of visual and proprioceptive feedback before being able to accurately execute a goal-directed movement is not well understood; especially in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to initially interrogate how the amount of motor planning time provided to a child before movement execution may influence the preparation and execution of a lower leg goal-directed movement. The results displayed that the amount of pre-movement motor planning time provided may influence the reaction time and accuracy of a goal directed leg movement. All subjects in the study had longer reaction times and less accurate movements when no pre-movement motor planning time was provided. In addition, the children had slower reaction times, slower movements, and less accurate movements than the adults for all the presented targets and motor planning times. These results highlight that children may require more time to successfully plan a goal directed movement with the lower extremity. This suggests that children may potentially have less robust internal models than adults for these types of motor skills.
虽然上肢运动计划的制定和执行已得到充分研究，但对于个体如何计划和执行涉及下肢的快速、目标导向的运动任务却知之甚少。此外，在能够准确执行目标导向运动之前，整合适量视觉和本体感觉反馈所需的时间尚未得到充分理解；尤其是在儿童中。因此，本研究的目的是首先探究在运动执行前提供给儿童的运动计划时间量如何影响小腿目标导向运动的准备和执行。结果显示，提供的运动前运动计划时间量可能会影响目标导向腿部运动的反应时间和准确性。当不提供运动前运动计划时间时，研究中的所有受试者反应时间更长，运动准确性更低。此外，对于所有呈现的目标和运动计划时间，儿童的反应时间比成人慢，运动速度比成人慢，运动准确性也比成人低。这些结果表明，儿童可能需要更多时间才能成功计划涉及下肢的目标导向运动。这表明对于这些类型的运动技能，儿童的内部模型可能不如成人稳健。
