Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 15;542(Pt A):394-403. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.091. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
A database of potentially hazardous substances, necessary for estimating the exposure of humans to air pollutants, may be deficient because of a limited number of regulatory monitoring stations. This study was inspired by undeniably harmful effects of human long-term exposure to intense traffic emissions in urban area. Moss bag biomonitors were used to characterize spatial variation of airborne toxic elements near crossroads and two- and one-lane streets. The Sphagnum girgensohnii and Hypnum cupressiforme moss bags were exposed for 10 weeks to 48 sampling sites across Belgrade (Serbia) during the summer of 2014. In addition, oven-drying pretreatment of the moss bags was tested. During the experimental period, traffic flows were estimated at each site by counting the number of vehicles during the rush hours. The concentrations of 39 elements were determined in the moss samples. There was no significant difference between the results obtained for nontreated and oven-dried moss bags. For the majority of elements, the moss bags identified a common pattern of decrease in the concentration from crossroads to two- and one-lane streets. The exposed moss bags were enriched with Sb, Cu and Cr. The correlation coefficients (r=0.65-0.70) between the moss concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe and Sb and the site-counted traffic flows also confirmed a dependence of the airborne element content on traffic emissions. A strong correlation with traffic flows makes Sb, Cu and Cr reliable traffic tracers.
一个潜在有害物质数据库，对于估计人类暴露于空气污染物的情况是必要的，但由于监管监测站的数量有限，该数据库可能存在缺陷。这项研究的灵感来自于人类长期暴露于城市地区密集交通排放物所带来的不可否认的有害影响。使用苔藓袋生物监测器来描述十字路口和双车道及单车道街道附近空气中有毒元素的空间变化。在 2014 年夏季，Sphagnum girgensohnii 和 Hypnum cupressiforme 苔藓袋在贝尔格莱德（塞尔维亚）的 48 个采样点暴露了 10 周。此外，还测试了对苔藓袋进行烤箱干燥预处理。在实验期间，通过在高峰时段计算车辆数量来估算每个站点的交通流量。在苔藓样本中测定了 39 种元素的浓度。未经处理和烤箱干燥的苔藓袋的结果之间没有显著差异。对于大多数元素，苔藓袋从十字路口到双车道和单车道街道的浓度呈降低的趋势。暴露的苔藓袋中富集了 Sb、Cu 和 Cr。Cr、Cu、Fe 和 Sb 的苔藓浓度与站点计数的交通流量之间的相关系数（r=0.65-0.70）也证实了空气中元素含量与交通排放之间的依赖性。与交通流量的强相关性使 Sb、Cu 和 Cr 成为可靠的交通示踪剂。
