Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Feb 22;15(2):374. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020374.
Despite its small size, a moss bag can reveal the different temporal and spatial deposition patterns of pollutants at a particular site; therefore, researchers can use moss bags to determine pollution sources and to put forward strategies for pollution control. Although the use of moss bags to monitor atmospheric pollution has been widely reported in Europe, there are few such empirical studies in China. Thus, in this study, bags containing the moss were used to assess the concentrations of heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) at five sampling sites (four roads and a forest park) during the summer and winter of 2012. According to the relative accumulation factor (RAF) and contamination factor (CF) results, pollution in winter was heavier than that in summer, and Cr was found to be the most contaminating, having the highest mean CF. There was a significant positive correlation ( < 0.05) between traffic volume and concentration for three heavy metals (Cr, Cu, and V) in winter, whereas a significant positive correlation ( < 0.05) was observed between traffic volume and concentrations for four heavy metal elements (Cr, Pb, V, and Zn) in summer, indicating a close relationship between heavy metal contents and traffic volume. Although there was substantial variation in the concentrations of the five heavy metals in the moss bags, significant correlations between heavy metals suggested that the contaminants originated from a common source, namely vehicle emissions. The results demonstrated that the four roads were subject to different degrees of pollution depending on the volume of traffic using each road. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that traffic volume is a major reason for heavy metal pollution.
尽管苔藓袋体积小，但它可以揭示特定地点污染物的不同时间和空间沉积模式；因此，研究人员可以使用苔藓袋来确定污染源，并提出污染控制策略。虽然在欧洲已经广泛报道了使用苔藓袋监测大气污染的情况，但在中国这样的实证研究很少。因此，在这项研究中，使用了含有苔藓的袋子来评估 2012 年夏季和冬季五个采样点（四条道路和一个森林公园）中重金属（铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）、钒（V）和锌（Zn））的浓度。根据相对积累因子（RAF）和污染因子（CF）的结果，冬季污染比夏季更严重，Cr 是最具污染性的，其平均 CF 最高。在冬季，交通量与三种重金属（Cr、Cu 和 V）的浓度之间存在显著正相关（<0.05），而在夏季，交通量与四种重金属元素（Cr、Pb、V 和 Zn）的浓度之间存在显著正相关（<0.05），表明重金属含量与交通量之间存在密切关系。尽管苔藓袋中五种重金属的浓度存在很大差异，但重金属之间存在显著相关性表明污染物源自同一来源，即车辆排放。结果表明，四条道路根据每条道路的交通量受到不同程度的污染。因此，这项研究的结果表明，交通量是重金属污染的主要原因。
