Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Oct;144:208-215. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.028. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
Since the methodological parameters of moss bag biomonitoring have rarely been investigated for the application in agricultural areas, two mosses, Sphagnum girgensohnii (a species of the most recommended biomonitoring genus) and Hypnum cupressiforme (commonly available), were verified in a vineyard ambient. The moss bags were exposed along transects in six vineyard parcels during the grapevine season (March‒September 2015). To select an appropriate period for the reliable 'signal' of the element enrichment in the mosses, the bags were simultaneously exposed during five periods (3 × 2 months, 1 × 4 months, and 1 × 6 months). Assuming that vineyard is susceptible to contamination originated from different agricultural treatments, a wide range of elements (41) were determined in the moss and topsoil samples. The mosses were significantly enriched by the elements during the 2-month bag exposure which gradually increasing up to 6 months, but Cu and Ni exhibited the noticeable fluctuations during the grapevine season. However, the 6-month exposure of moss bags could be recommended for comparative studies among different vineyards because it reflects the ambient pollution comprising unpredictable treatments of grapevine applied during the whole season. Although higher element concentrations were determined in S. girgensohnii than H. cupressiforme, both species reflected the spatio-temporal changes in the ambient element content. Moreover, the significant correlation of the element (Cr, Cu, Sb, and Ti) concentrations between the mosses, and the same pairs of the elements correlated within the species, imply the comparable use of S. girgensohnii and H. cupressiforme in the vineyard (agricultural) ambient. Finally, both the moss bags and the soil analyses suggest that vineyard represents a dominant diffuse pollution source of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, and V.
由于苔藓袋生物监测的方法参数在农业领域的应用中很少被研究，因此在葡萄园环境中验证了两种苔藓，即泥炭藓（最推荐的生物监测属的一种物种）和垂枝金发藓（通常可用）。在葡萄藤季节（2015 年 3 月至 9 月）期间，在六个葡萄园地块的横截线上暴露苔藓袋。为了选择一个可靠的“信号”元素在苔藓中的富集时期，同时在五个时期（3×2 个月，1×4 个月和 1×6 个月）暴露袋子。假设葡萄园容易受到来自不同农业处理的污染，在苔藓和表土样本中确定了广泛的元素（41）。在 2 个月的袋子暴露期间，苔藓中元素明显富集，逐渐增加到 6 个月，但 Cu 和 Ni 在葡萄藤季节表现出明显的波动。然而，建议对不同葡萄园进行比较研究时，应进行 6 个月的苔藓袋暴露，因为它反映了包含整个季节应用的不可预测的葡萄藤处理的环境污染。尽管泥炭藓中的元素浓度高于垂枝金发藓，但两种物种都反映了环境元素含量的时空变化。此外，苔藓之间的元素（Cr、Cu、Sb 和 Ti）浓度的显著相关性，以及同一物种内的相同元素对之间的相关性，意味着泥炭藓和垂枝金发藓在葡萄园（农业）环境中的可比较使用。最后，苔藓袋和土壤分析都表明，葡萄园是 As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Fe 和 V 的主要扩散污染源。
