Daniel T M
Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio.
Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Mar-Apr;11 Suppl 2:S471-8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_2.s471.
New technologies for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis that can be applied in developing countries where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high are based on methods that permit recognition of either mycobacterial products in clinical specimens or specific host responses to mycobacteria. Mycobacterial antigens can be identified by immunoassays based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mycobacterial DNA or rRNA can be identified with the use of single-stranded DNA probes. Both techniques are potentially suitable for use in developing countries, although there remain technical problems associated with the use of sputum samples. Serodiagnosis by ELISA is a promising technique based on recognition of the IgG antibody response of the host. The technique is ready for early application and can be used in developing countries. However, high specificity depends on the use of antigens that are not now generally available. The predictive accuracy of any newly proposed diagnostic technique must be compared with that of direct microscopic examination of sputum.
可应用于结核病高发发展中国家的结核病快速诊断新技术，是基于能够识别临床标本中分枝杆菌产物或宿主对分枝杆菌的特异性反应的方法。分枝杆菌抗原可通过基于酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）的免疫测定法来鉴定。分枝杆菌DNA或rRNA可使用单链DNA探针进行鉴定。这两种技术都有可能适用于发展中国家，尽管在使用痰液样本方面仍存在技术问题。通过ELISA进行血清诊断是一种基于识别宿主IgG抗体反应的有前景的技术。该技术已准备好早期应用，可用于发展中国家。然而，高特异性取决于目前一般无法获得的抗原的使用。任何新提出的诊断技术的预测准确性都必须与痰涂片直接显微镜检查的准确性进行比较。
