Barudy J
Medical Psychosocial Centre for Political Refugees and Victims of Torture, Brussels, Belgium.
Soc Sci Med. 1989;28(7):715-27. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(89)90219-0.
Political persecution, state terrorism, torture, political assassinations, kidnapping and forced exile have become common occurrences in many parts of the world. Several researchers have tried to determine the impact of these situations on the mental health of those affected. At the same time, different types of aid programmes have been developed to prevent and treat the effects of violence on mental health. In this article we present clinical materials collected for 10 years by the Latin American Collective of Psychosocial Work [Colectivo Latinamericano de Trabajo Psicosocial (Colat)], a medical-psychosocial assistance programme for political refugees. The programme was under the academic supervision of the Catholic Universities of Leuven (KUL, ULC), Belgium. The concept of identity is the central theme of a model which tries to understand and explain the suffering of exiles. We try to identify and expose the mechanisms of political violence that have traumatized an individual's self-esteem and disordered his familial and social bonds. In the second part of this article, the central ideas which support the medical-psychosocial practice of the programme are presented. This programme seeks to heal the damage caused by repression and exile through the active participation of those affected. Only in a context of communal action is it possible to develop a therapy to promote an individual recovery. It is in this sense that the strategic goal of the programme is to permit elaboration of the suffering at an individual, familial and group level, and to facilitate group dynamics which can trigger the potential of the exiles to transform the conditions of violence that originated and maintain their pain.
政治迫害、国家恐怖主义、酷刑、政治暗杀、绑架和强迫流亡在世界许多地区已屡见不鲜。一些研究人员试图确定这些情况对受影响者心理健康的影响。与此同时，已制定了不同类型的援助计划，以预防和治疗暴力对心理健康的影响。在本文中，我们展示了拉丁美洲社会心理工作集体[拉丁美洲社会心理工作集体（Colat）]10年来收集的临床资料，这是一个为政治难民提供医疗-社会心理援助的项目。该项目由比利时鲁汶天主教大学（KUL，ULC）进行学术监督。身份认同的概念是一个试图理解和解释流亡者痛苦的模型的核心主题。我们试图识别并揭示那些损害了个人自尊、扰乱其家庭和社会关系的政治暴力机制。在本文的第二部分，将介绍支持该项目医疗-社会心理实践的核心观点。该项目旨在通过受影响者的积极参与来治愈镇压和流亡造成的创伤。只有在集体行动的背景下，才有可能开展促进个人康复的治疗。从这个意义上说，该项目的战略目标是允许在个人、家庭和群体层面阐述痛苦，并促进群体动态变化，从而激发流亡者改变引发并维持其痛苦的暴力状况的潜力。
