Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Feb;124:193-201. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.10.025. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the triazole fungicide tetraconazole applied at the field rate (FR) and at ten-fold the FR (10FR) on microorganisms in orchard soil with a long-term history of fungicides application and in grassland soil that had not previously been treated with pesticides. To ascertain this impact, the microbial activity determined by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, the culturable number of bacteria, fungi and tetraconazole-resistant fungi, and the phospholipid microbial biomass and the structural and functional biodiversity assessed by the PLFA and Biolog approaches, respectively, were examined under laboratory conditions during 28-day experiment. The response of soil microorganisms to the fungicide tetraconazole, which had never been used before in these soils, depended on the management of the soils. In apple orchard soil that had been treated with FR or 10FR tetraconazole, a decrease in microbial activity was still observed on the 28th day after the application of the fungicide. In contrast, a significant impact of tetraconazole on the number of bacteria was still observed at the end of experiment in grassland soil. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the application of tetraconazole significantly changed the structure of the microbial communities in the orchard soil. In addition, analysis of the Biolog profiles revealed a decrease in the catabolic activity of the microbial communities in grassland soil that had been treated with tetraconazole at both rates over time. The evaluation of the structural and functional diversity of microbial communities using PCA appears to be the most valuable monitoring tool for assessing the impact of tetraconazole application on soil microorganisms.
本研究旨在评估三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇在田间用量（FR）和十倍田间用量（10FR）下对长期施用药剂的果园土壤和未使用过农药的草地土壤中微生物的影响。为了确定这种影响，在 28 天的实验期间，在实验室条件下分别通过荧光素二乙酸酯（FDA）水解测定微生物活性、可培养细菌、真菌和戊唑醇抗性真菌的数量以及磷脂微生物生物量，并通过 PLFA 和 Biolog 方法评估结构和功能生物多样性。土壤微生物对以前从未在这些土壤中使用过的杀菌剂戊唑醇的反应取决于土壤的管理方式。在已用 FR 或 10FR 戊唑醇处理的苹果园土壤中，在施药 28 天后仍观察到微生物活性下降。相比之下，在实验结束时，仍在草地土壤中观察到戊唑醇对细菌数量的显著影响。主成分分析（PCA）的结果表明，戊唑醇的应用显著改变了果园土壤中微生物群落的结构。此外，Biolog 图谱的分析表明，随着时间的推移，两种浓度的戊唑醇处理均会降低草地土壤中微生物群落的代谢活性。使用 PCA 评估微生物群落的结构和功能多样性似乎是评估戊唑醇施用量对土壤微生物影响的最有价值的监测工具。
