Gelman Susan A, Manczak Erika M, Was Alexandra M, Noles Nicholaus S
University of Michigan.
Northwestern University.
Child Dev. 2016 Jan-Feb;87(1):239-55. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12453. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
An object's mental representation includes not just visible attributes but also its nonvisible history. The present studies tested whether preschoolers seek subtle indicators of an object's history, such as a mark acquired during its handling. Five studies with 169 children 3-5 years of age and 97 college students found that children (like adults) searched for concealed traces of object history, invisible traces of object history, and the absence of traces of object history, to successfully identify an owned object. Controls demonstrated that children (like adults) appropriately limit their search for hidden indicators when an owned object is visibly distinct. Altogether, these results demonstrate that concealed and invisible indicators of history are an important component of preschool children's object concepts.
一个物体的心理表征不仅包括其可见属性，还包括其不可见的历史。本研究测试了学龄前儿童是否会寻找物体历史的微妙指标，例如在其被使用过程中获得的痕迹。对169名3至5岁儿童和97名大学生进行的五项研究发现，儿童（与成年人一样）会寻找物体历史的隐蔽痕迹、物体历史的不可见痕迹以及物体历史痕迹的缺失，以成功识别一件所属物品。对照实验表明，当所属物品在外观上有明显区别时，儿童（与成年人一样）会适当地限制对隐藏指标的搜索。总之，这些结果表明，历史的隐蔽和不可见指标是学龄前儿童物体概念的重要组成部分。
