Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 17;14(1):e0209422. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209422. eCollection 2019.
Even very young children are adept at linking property to owners (Gelman, Manczak, & Noles, 2012). However, some studies report that children systematically conserve property with the first possessors (Blake & Harris, 2009; Friedman & Neary, 2008). The present study seeks to integrate these two findings by testing for the presence of a first possessor bias in older children (ages 7-10) using a broader array of property transfers, and by investigating how manipulations of context-from third-person to first-person-yield ownership attributions that are more or less biased. Seven- and 8-year-olds, but not older children, exhibited a first possessor bias when property transfers were presented in a third-person context. This finding suggests that the first possessor bias persists longer in childhood than previously suspected. However, the bias was greatly attenuated or absent when property transfers were presented in a first-person context, rather than a third-person context.
即使是非常年幼的儿童也善于将财产与所有者联系起来（Gelman、Manczak 和 Noles，2012）。然而，一些研究报告称，儿童会系统地将财产保留给第一占有者（Blake 和 Harris，2009；Friedman 和 Neary，2008）。本研究旨在通过使用更广泛的财产转让来测试年长儿童（7-10 岁）是否存在第一占有者偏见，并通过研究上下文的操纵——从第三人称到第一人称——产生或多或少有偏见的所有权归属，来整合这两个发现。只有 7 岁和 8 岁的儿童，而不是年龄较大的儿童，在第三人称语境中呈现财产转让时表现出第一占有者偏见。这一发现表明，与之前的预期相比，第一占有者偏见在儿童时期持续的时间更长。然而，当财产转让以第一人称而不是第三人称呈现时，这种偏见大大减弱或不存在。
