Holt William V, Fazeli Alireza
Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2016;4:291-310. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111350. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
The capacity for sperm storage within the female reproductive tract occurs widely across all groups of vertebrate species and is exceptionally well developed in some reptiles (maximum duration seven years) and fishes (maximum duration >1 year). Although there are many reports on both the occurrence of female sperm storage in diverse species and its adaptive benefits, few studies have been directed toward explaining the mechanisms involved. In this article we review recent findings in birds and mammals in an effort to develop hypotheses that could be translated into research applications in animal breeding technologies. There are pockets of evidence to suggest that the local epithelial cells, sometimes arranged as sperm storage tubules, can respond to spermatozoa by producing heat shock proteins as well as providing an environment rich in antioxidants. Moreover, the local immune system seems to tolerate the arrival of spermatozoa, while retaining the ability to combat the arrival of infectious microorganisms.
雌性生殖道储存精子的能力在所有脊椎动物物种中广泛存在，在一些爬行动物（最长持续时间为七年）和鱼类（最长持续时间>1年）中尤为发达。尽管有许多关于不同物种中雌性精子储存现象及其适应性益处的报道，但很少有研究致力于解释其中涉及的机制。在本文中，我们回顾了鸟类和哺乳动物的最新研究结果，以期提出一些假说，这些假说可转化为动物育种技术中的研究应用。有一些证据表明，局部上皮细胞，有时排列成精子储存小管，能够通过产生热休克蛋白以及提供富含抗氧化剂的环境来对精子作出反应。此外，局部免疫系统似乎能够容忍精子的到来，同时保留对抗感染微生物到来的能力。
