Ruggeri Loredana, Parisi Sarah, Urbani Elena, Curti Antonio
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy.
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
Front Immunol. 2015 Oct 15;6:479. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00479. eCollection 2015.
Natural killer (NK) cells express activating and inhibitory receptors, which recognize MHC class-I alleles, termed "Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors" (KIRs). Preclinical and clinical data from haploidentical T-cell-depleted stem cell transplantation have demonstrated that alloreactive KIR-L mismatched NK cells play a major role as effectors against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Outside the transplantation setting, several reports have proven the safety and feasibility of NK cell infusion in AML patients and, in some cases, provided evidence that transferred NK cells are functionally alloreactive and may have a role in disease control. The aim of the present work is to briefly summarize the most recent advances in the field by moving from the first preclinical and clinical demonstration of donor NK alloreactivity in the transplantation setting to the most recent attempts at exploiting the use of alloreactive NK cell infusion as a means of adoptive immunotherapy against AML. Altogether, these data highlight the pivotal role of NK cells for the development of novel immunological approaches in the clinical management of AML.
自然杀伤（NK）细胞表达激活受体和抑制受体，这些受体识别MHC I类等位基因，称为“杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体”（KIRs）。来自单倍体相合T细胞去除的干细胞移植的临床前和临床数据表明，同种异体反应性KIR-L错配的NK细胞作为抗急性髓系白血病（AML）的效应细胞发挥主要作用。在移植环境之外，一些报告已证实AML患者输注NK细胞的安全性和可行性，并且在某些情况下，提供了证据表明转移的NK细胞具有功能上的同种异体反应性，可能在疾病控制中发挥作用。本研究的目的是简要总结该领域的最新进展，从移植环境中供体NK同种异体反应性的首次临床前和临床证明，到利用同种异体反应性NK细胞输注作为抗AML过继性免疫治疗手段的最新尝试。总之，这些数据突出了NK细胞在AML临床管理中新型免疫方法开发中的关键作用。
