Dijkhuizen Annemarie, Hilgenkamp Thessa I M, Krijnen Wim P, van der Schans Cees P, Waninge Aly
Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Research and Innovation Group in Health Care and in Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Res Dev Disabil. 2016 Jan;48:35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) as a component of participation is one of the factors that contribute to quality of life. The ability to perform ADL for persons experiencing severe/profound intellectual disability (ID) may be reduced due to their cognitive and physical capacities. However, until recently, the impact of the significantly prevalent visual impairments on the performance of activities of daily living has not yet been revealed within this group.
The purpose of this prospective cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of visual impairment on the performance of activities of daily living for persons with a severe/profound intellectual disability.
The Barthel Index (BI) and Comfortable Walking Speed (CWS) were used to measure the ability of performing activities of daily living (ADL) in 240 persons with severe/profound ID and having Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) levels I, II or III; this included 120 persons with visual impairment. The impact of visual impairment on ADL was analyzed with linear regression.
The results of the study demonstrated that visual impairment slightly affects the ability of performing activities of daily living (BI) for persons experiencing a severe/profound intellectual disability. GMFCS Levels II or III, profound ID level, and visual impairment each have the effect of lowering BI scores. GMFCS Levels II or III, and profound ID level each have the effect of increasing CWS scores, which indicates a lower walking speed. A main effect of visual impairment is present on CWS, but our results do show a substantive interaction effect between GMFCS level III and visual impairment on Comfortable Walking Speed in persons with a severe/profound intellectual disability.
Visual impairment has a slight effect on ability to perform ADL in persons experiencing severe/profound ID.
作为参与度组成部分的日常生活活动（ADL）能力是影响生活质量的因素之一。重度/极重度智力残疾（ID）患者的ADL能力可能因其认知和身体能力而降低。然而，直到最近，这一群体中普遍存在的视觉障碍对日常生活活动表现的影响尚未得到揭示。
这项前瞻性横断面研究的目的是调查视觉障碍对重度/极重度智力残疾患者日常生活活动表现的影响。
采用巴氏指数（BI）和舒适步行速度（CWS）来测量240名重度/极重度ID且具有粗大运动功能分类系统（GMFCS）I、II或III级的患者的日常生活活动（ADL）能力；其中包括120名有视觉障碍的患者。通过线性回归分析视觉障碍对ADL的影响。
研究结果表明，视觉障碍对重度/极重度智力残疾患者的日常生活活动（BI）能力有轻微影响。GMFCS II级或III级、极重度ID水平和视觉障碍均有降低BI评分的作用。GMFCS II级或III级以及极重度ID水平均有增加CWS评分的作用，这表明步行速度较低。视觉障碍对CWS有主要影响，但我们的结果确实显示，在重度/极重度智力残疾患者中，GMFCS III级与视觉障碍对舒适步行速度存在实质性的交互作用。
视觉障碍对重度/极重度ID患者的ADL能力有轻微影响。
