Watkins Edward R, Ramponi Cristina, Barnard Philip J
a Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit , Cambridge , UK.
b University of Exeter , UK.
Cogn Emot. 2006 Apr 1;20(3-4):328-50. doi: 10.1080/02699930500342589.
Two experiments are reported in which nondysphoric participants, not prone to excessive levels of rumination in everyday life, were asked to retrieve autobiographical memories using the Williams and Broadbent ( 1986 ) procedure (AMT). In the first experiment, two variants of a self-related category fluency task were interleaved among sets of autobiographical memory cues. In one variant (blocked) a normal model of analytic rumination was induced by grouping prompts on a single superordinate theme together. In the other (intermixed) prompts from several different themes were grouped together. It was predicted that the blocked variant would reduce the number of specific memories recollected and increase the number of categoric memories relative to the intermixed variant. This prediction was confirmed and provides the first demonstration of a bidirectional causal influence of analytic rumination on the balance between specific and categoric retrievals. A second experiment showed no alteration in this balance when the same fluency manipulation involved animal-related categories rather than self-related ones. The results support a two component model of autobiographical retrieval being driven in part by the extent to which an analytic mode of processing is adopted in the short term and in part by the level of differentiation in self-related schematic models.
本文报告了两项实验，在实验中，要求日常生活中不易产生过度沉思、无烦躁情绪的参与者使用威廉姆斯和布罗德本特（1986）的程序（自传体记忆任务）来提取自传体记忆。在第一个实验中，将自我相关类别流畅性任务的两个变体穿插在自传体记忆线索组中。在一个变体（分组）中，通过将提示按单个上级主题分组，诱导出一种正常的分析性沉思模式。在另一个变体（混合）中，来自几个不同主题的提示被分组在一起。预计与混合变体相比，分组变体会减少回忆的特定记忆数量，并增加分类记忆的数量。这一预测得到了证实，并首次证明了分析性沉思对特定和分类检索之间平衡的双向因果影响。第二个实验表明，当相同的流畅性操作涉及与动物相关的类别而非与自我相关的类别时，这种平衡没有改变。结果支持了自传体检索的双成分模型，该模型部分由短期内采用分析性处理模式的程度驱动，部分由自我相关图式模型的分化水平驱动。
