Williams J Mark G, Barnhofer Thorsten, Crane Catherine, Herman Dirk, Raes Filip, Watkins Ed, Dalgleish Tim
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Psychol Bull. 2007 Jan;133(1):122-48. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122.
The authors review research showing that when recalling autobiographical events, many emotionally disturbed patients summarize categories of events rather than retrieving a single episode. The mechanisms underlying such overgeneral memory are examined, with a focus on M. A. Conway and C. W. Pleydell-Pearce's (2000) hierarchical search model of personal event retrieval. An elaboration of this model is proposed to account for overgeneral memory, focusing on how memory search can be affected by (a) capture and rumination processes, when mnemonic information used in retrieval activates ruminative thinking; (b) functional avoidance, when episodic material threatens to cause affective disturbance; and (c) impairment in executive capacity and control that limits an individual's ability to remain focused on retrieval in the face of distraction.
作者回顾了相关研究，这些研究表明，在回忆自传式事件时，许多情绪障碍患者总结的是事件类别，而非提取单个事件。文中探讨了这种过度概括性记忆背后的机制，重点关注了M. A. 康威和C. W. 普莱德尔 - 皮尔斯（2000）提出的个人事件提取层次搜索模型。本文提出了该模型的一个细化版本来解释过度概括性记忆，重点关注记忆搜索如何受到以下因素的影响：（a）捕捉和沉思过程，即检索时使用的记忆信息激活了沉思性思维；（b）功能性回避，即情景性材料可能引发情感困扰时；以及（c）执行能力和控制方面的损害，这限制了个体在面对干扰时保持专注于检索的能力。
