Li Dave, Satomura Shinji
Wako Life Sciences, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;867:179-93. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_12.
The past decades have witnessed increased use of biomarkers in disease management. A biomarker is any characteristic that can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological process, pathogenic process, or pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention. The clinical measurements of biomarkers can be carried out in vivo using imaging modalities like ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as in vitro utilizing serum or plasma or other body fluids as specimens. In contrast to the imaging modalities, a prominent value of serum biomarkers is that they could be biologically relevant and disease-specific to pathophysiologic or pathologic process of disease development. This article provides an update of serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in risk assessment for early detection through surveillance.
在过去几十年中，生物标志物在疾病管理中的应用日益增加。生物标志物是指任何可客观测量和评估的特征，作为正常生物学过程、致病过程或对治疗干预的药理反应的指标。生物标志物的临床测量可以通过超声（US）、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）等成像方式在体内进行，也可以在体外利用血清、血浆或其他体液作为标本进行。与成像方式相比，血清生物标志物的一个突出价值在于它们可能与疾病发展的病理生理或病理过程具有生物学相关性且具有疾病特异性。本文提供了用于肝细胞癌（HCC）风险评估以通过监测实现早期检测的血清生物标志物的最新情况。
