Al-Nuaimi Maha A, Hamad Ruaa A, Lafta Riyadh K
College of Medicine, Ninawa University, Mosul, Iraq.
Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.
Qatar Med J. 2015 Jul 9;2015(1):10. doi: 10.5339/qmj.2015.10. eCollection 2015.
Iraq is consistently exposed to large-scale traumatic events such as successive wars since 1980 to the present day, economic sanctions, sustained organized violence, and terrorism. These unsafe circumstances have negatively impacted the psychosocial status of the Iraqi community.
To study the prevalence of witnessing or exposure to various types of violence, and its association with mental health problems in a sample of Iraqi men.
This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted from April to September 2014. The target population were men from different age groups that were collected through a convenience sampling technique from two large cities; Baghdad (the capital city) and Mosul (the second largest city in Iraq). The source of data was from different institutions, colleges and lay people. The data collection process was done using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 which is recommended by the World Health Organization for screening psychiatric disturbances.
A total of 480 Iraqi males agreed to participate in the study. The main type of violence reported was witnessing violence (55.4%), followed by exposure of friends or relatives to violence (51.4%), and witnessing or exposure to sexual assault was least reported (3.8%). The most frequent feeling recorded was of worry (72.9%), getting easily upset (65.4%), suffering from headaches (62.7%) and lethargy (59.4%). Severe psychological changes were evident in 68.5% of men, while moderate changes were present in 31.5%. Analysis of the feelings and behavioral changes in relation to the participants' history of exposure to violence revealed a significant association with witnessing shooting or stabbings, displacement, friends or relatives' exposure to violence, and viewing corpses.
There is a high prevalence among Iraqi men of exposure to, or witnessing violence that showed an association with their mental condition, which, if proved causally, may be a leading cause for future devastating effects on their health, wellbeing and quality of life.
自1980年至今，伊拉克持续遭受诸如连续战争、经济制裁、持续的有组织暴力和恐怖主义等大规模创伤性事件。这些不安全状况对伊拉克社区的心理社会状况产生了负面影响。
研究伊拉克男性样本中目睹或经历各类暴力的发生率及其与心理健康问题的关联。
这是一项于2014年4月至9月进行的横断面研究。目标人群为来自不同年龄组的男性，通过便利抽样技术从两个大城市（首都巴格达和伊拉克第二大城市摩苏尔）收集。数据来源为不同机构、学院和普通民众。数据收集过程使用了世界卫生组织推荐的用于筛查精神障碍的《20项自填式问卷》。
共有480名伊拉克男性同意参与研究。报告的主要暴力类型是目睹暴力（55.4%），其次是朋友或亲属遭受暴力（51.4%），而目睹或经历性侵犯的报告最少（3.8%）。记录到的最常见感受是担忧（72.9%）、容易心烦意乱（65.4%）、头痛（62.7%）和无精打采（59.4%）。68.5%的男性有明显的严重心理变化，31.5%的男性有中度变化。对与参与者暴力暴露史相关的感受和行为变化的分析显示，与目睹枪击或刺伤、流离失所、朋友或亲属遭受暴力以及看到尸体之间存在显著关联。
伊拉克男性中暴露于或目睹暴力的发生率很高，且与他们的精神状况相关，如果证明存在因果关系，这可能是未来对他们的健康、幸福和生活质量产生毁灭性影响的主要原因。
