Maffulli Nicola, Del Buono Angelo, Oliva Francesco, Giai Via Alessio, Frizziero Antonio, Barazzuol Michele, Brancaccio Paola, Freschi Marco, Galletti Stefano, Lisitano Gianfranco, Melegati Gianluca, Nanni Gianni, Pasta Ghito, Ramponi Carlo, Rizzo Diego, Testa Vittorino, Valent Alessandro
Transl Med UniSa. 2014 Sep 1;12:14-8. eCollection 2015 May-Aug.
Muscle injuries are frequent in athletes. Despite their high incidence, advances in clinical diagnostic criteria and imaging, their optimal management and rehabilitation strategies are still debated in literature. Furthermore, reinjury rate is high after a muscle lesion, and an improper treatment or an early return to sports can increase the rate of reinjury and complications. Most muscle injuries are managed conservatively with excellent results, and surgery is normally advocated only for larger tears. This article reviews the current literature to provide physicians and rehabilitation specialists with the necessary basic tools to diagnose, classify and to treat muscle injuries. Based on anatomy, biomechanics, and imaging features of muscle injury, the use of a recently reported new classification system is also advocated.
肌肉损伤在运动员中很常见。尽管其发病率很高，临床诊断标准和影像学也有进展，但关于其最佳治疗和康复策略在文献中仍存在争议。此外，肌肉损伤后的再损伤率很高，不当的治疗或过早恢复运动可能会增加再损伤率和并发症。大多数肌肉损伤采用保守治疗效果良好，通常仅对较大的撕裂伤才主张手术治疗。本文回顾当前文献，为医生和康复专家提供诊断、分类及治疗肌肉损伤所需的基本工具。基于肌肉损伤的解剖学、生物力学和影像学特征，本文还提倡使用最近报道的一种新分类系统。
