Rey Jorge R, Lounibos Philip
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA.
Biomedica. 2015 Apr-Jun;35(2):177-85. doi: 10.1590/S0120-41572015000200005.
The recent range expansion of the mosquito Aedes albopictus has been associated in some areas by declines in abundance or local elimination of Aedes aegypti, but the two species still coexist in large regions of the Americas. We offer a summary of the possible mechanisms responsible for the abundance and displacement pattern observed and of their significance in terms of disease transmission. Among these mechanisms we may mention the competition for limiting resources, the differences in the ability to withstand starvation, the apparent competition through differential effects of the parasite Ascogregarina taiwanensis, and the inhibition of Ae. aegypti egg development by Ae. albopictus larvae. Habitat segregation has been proposed as a mechanism promoting the coexistence of the two species through avoidance of direct competition. Aedes aegypti predominates in urban areas, Ae. albopictus in rural ones, and both species coexist in the suburbs. There is also evidence that in certain areas, habitat segregation in terms of distance from the coast can influence the distribution of both species. Another possible cause of the rapid disappearance of Ae. aegypti is reproductive interference between the species. According to this hypothesis, asymmetric effects of interspecific mating favor Ae. albopictus. This type of reproductive interference can result in the elimination of sympatric populations of the affected species and can be one of the major causes for the swiftness with which Ae. aegypti disappeared from some places in the Americas following invasions by Ae. albopictus.
白纹伊蚊近期的分布范围扩张在一些地区与埃及伊蚊数量减少或局部灭绝有关，但这两个物种在美洲的大片区域仍共存。我们总结了导致所观察到的数量及替代模式的可能机制，以及它们在疾病传播方面的意义。在这些机制中，我们可以提及对有限资源的竞争、耐饥饿能力的差异、通过台湾阿氏单孢子虫的不同影响产生的表观竞争，以及白纹伊蚊幼虫对埃及伊蚊卵发育的抑制。栖息地隔离被认为是一种通过避免直接竞争促进两个物种共存的机制。埃及伊蚊在城市地区占主导，白纹伊蚊在农村地区占主导，两个物种在郊区共存。也有证据表明，在某些地区，沿海岸距离的栖息地隔离会影响这两个物种的分布。埃及伊蚊迅速消失的另一个可能原因是物种间的生殖干扰。根据这一假设，种间交配的不对称效应有利于白纹伊蚊。这种生殖干扰会导致受影响物种的同域种群被淘汰，并且可能是埃及伊蚊在被白纹伊蚊入侵后迅速从美洲一些地方消失的主要原因之一。
