Ikonen Riikka, Paavilainen Eija, Kaunonen Marja
School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland (Ms Ikonen and Drs Paavilainen and Kaunonen); Etelä-Pohjanmaa Hospital District, Seinäjoki, Finland (Dr Paavilainen); and Pirkanmaa Hospital District, General Administration, Tampere, Finland (Dr Kaunonen).
Adv Neonatal Care. 2015 Dec;15(6):394-406. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000232.
Preterm infants' mothers face several challenges when providing critical breast milk for their infants; therefore, sensitive and evidence-based counseling and support are needed. However, a general view of the experiences preterm infants' mothers can face during their infants' hospitalization and after discharge is lacking.
The aim of this integrative review was to explore practical and emotional experiences of preterm infants' mothers with respect to breast milk expression and breastfeeding, from the birth of the preterm infant, during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, and postdischarge until the cessation of breastfeeding.
METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic literature search from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases were performed. The search resulted in 20 qualitative and 3 quantitative studies. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis.
Coping was the central theme in mothers' experiences. The benefits of breast milk served both as a supportive factor and an obstructive factor for the mothers, and breastfeeding was used to rebuild connection and motherhood. Simultaneously, the mothers needed to cope with new demands, interfering NICU environment, demanding expressing, and difficulties with breastfeeding.
Expressing and breastfeeding are important for the mothers to contribute to their infants' care and to rebuild the interrupted connection. Evidence-based and sensitive informational and practical counseling are vital for the mothers. Intensive emotional support is important during encountered problems and during cessation.
Future research is needed about mothers' experiences using supplementation methods, test-weighing, exploring experiences of mothers of late-preterm infants, and the validity of the concept of coping with this phenomenon.
早产婴儿的母亲在为其婴儿提供关键母乳时面临诸多挑战；因此，需要敏感且基于证据的咨询和支持。然而，目前缺乏对早产婴儿母亲在婴儿住院期间及出院后可能面临的经历的总体认识。
本整合性综述的目的是探讨早产婴儿母亲在早产婴儿出生后、新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）住院期间以及出院后直至停止母乳喂养期间，在挤奶和母乳喂养方面的实际和情感经历。
方法/搜索策略：对MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycInfo和Cochrane数据库进行了系统的文献检索。检索结果为20项定性研究和3项定量研究。采用主题分析法对数据进行分析。
应对是母亲经历的核心主题。母乳的益处对母亲来说既是支持因素，也是阻碍因素，母乳喂养被用来重建联系和母性。同时，母亲们需要应对新的需求、干扰的NICU环境、繁重的挤奶工作以及母乳喂养困难。
挤奶和母乳喂养对母亲参与婴儿护理以及重建中断的联系很重要。基于证据且敏感的信息和实践咨询对母亲至关重要。在遇到问题和停止母乳喂养期间，强化情感支持很重要。
未来需要研究母亲使用补充方法的经历、称重测试、探讨晚期早产婴儿母亲的经历以及应对这一现象概念的有效性。
