Sunita Kumari, Habib Maria, Kumar P, Singh Vinay Kumar, Husain Syed Akhtar, Singh D K
Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009 Uttar Pradesh, India.
Human Genetics Lab., Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India.
Acta Trop. 2016 Feb;154:19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.021. Epub 2015 Nov 1.
Fasciolosis is an important cattle and human disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. One of the possible methods to control this problem is to interrupt the life cycle of Fasciola by killing its larva (redia and cercaria) in host snail. Molecular identification of cercaria larva of F. gigantica was done by comparing the nucleotide sequencing with adult F. gigantica. It was noted that nucleotide sequencing of cercaria larva and adult F. gigantica were 99% same. Every month during the year 2011-2012, in vivo treatment with 60% of 4 h LC50 of phyto cercaricides citral, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, azadirachtin and allicin caused significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cytochrome oxidase activity in the treated cercaria larva of F. gigantica. Whereas, activity of both enzymes were not significantly altered in the nervous tissues of vector snail Lymnaea acuminata exposed to same treatments. Maximum reduction in AChE (1.35% of control in month of June) and cytochrome oxidase (3.71% of control in the month of July) activity were noted in the cercaria exposed to 60% of 4 h LC50 of azadirachtin and allicin, respectively.
肝片吸虫病是由肝片吸虫和巨片吸虫引起的一种重要的牛和人类疾病。控制这个问题的一种可能方法是通过杀死中间宿主蜗牛体内的幼虫（雷蚴和尾蚴）来中断片吸虫的生命周期。通过将巨片吸虫尾蚴的核苷酸序列与成虫的进行比较，对巨片吸虫尾蚴进行了分子鉴定。结果发现，巨片吸虫尾蚴和成虫的核苷酸序列相似度为99%。在2011年至2012年期间的每个月，用植物源杀尾蚴剂柠檬醛、阿魏酸、伞形酮、印楝素和大蒜素的4小时半数致死浓度（LC50）的60%进行体内处理，导致处理后的巨片吸虫尾蚴中的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和细胞色素氧化酶活性受到显著抑制。然而，暴露于相同处理的中间宿主蜗牛尖膀胱螺的神经组织中这两种酶的活性没有明显改变。在分别暴露于印楝素和大蒜素的4小时LC50的60%的尾蚴中，观察到乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的最大降低（6月份为对照的1.35%）和细胞色素氧化酶活性的最大降低（7月份为对照的3.71%）。
